The Act- The Waste Land

Hello Reader,

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya. this bog is my thinking activity given by our prof. Dilip Barad sir. the topic is The Waste Land. Have a look at the blog to view the quote in image for better understanding of these points. 

Introduction:

The publication of the poem "The Waste Land" in 1922 gained Eliot an international reputation as a poet of an astounding caliber. The Waste Land is structured into five parts:

The Burial Of The Dead

A Game Of Chess

A Fire Sermon

Death by Water

What The Thunder Said

First Section of the poem is about Death. Eliot discusses the natural cycle and it relationship to death. In the second, he tradition from death to sex. He uses figure from Greek Mythology to include reference about Rape, Procreation, and sextual desire. The third section also addresses the role of sex, but in relation to the Lustful tendencies. The forth section addresses the skillful sailor. He lost his bones and be humble of  human being. And final section of the poem Eliot take to he references for the Indian Mythology and give through the message. we find in this poem the major theme are the Sextual Perversion and spiritual degradation.

1). What are your views on the following image after reading The Waste Land? Do you think Eliot is regressive as compared to Nietzsche's views? or has eliot achieved universality of thought by recalling mytho historical answer to the contemporary malaise?

Here we see the  frame and this frame was Friedrich Nietzche and T.S. Eliot Concept. Friedrich Nietzche with the concept of Ubermensch, it called the concept of Superman in also Sprach Zarathustra seem to be progressive and forward looking in giving solution to the problem of contemporary crisis in faith and self. The Superman represents the affirmation of one's full potentialities, freedom and creativity. It designates the essence of humanity view, that is the highest principal of devlopment of Humanity and that man is only a bridge to the Superman. 

Another side T.S. Eliot in The Waste Land seems to be regressive and backward looking as it tries to find answer of contemporary malaise in upnishad, Buddhism and Christianity. It means he go through the traditional or past to solved the contemporary crisis. It means past connect with the present time.  And here we know the Eliot write the waste land in 1922;in modern time but we find the reference of Upnishad and traditional point of views, tells the problems and give to solution in modern way. 

In comparison to Neitzche's thought, Yes, Eliot is regressive but it doesn't means that he only raises questions on his contemporary society. He also tries to give way of solutions rather than the answer. We know the history is always repiting and also Eliot taught about the sanskrit language in his college time. It very easy to Eliot take the reference in traditional events and he tries give to past and connect in present crisis. So we can conclude that it is also right that problems of contemporary solved in traditional way.

#Write about allusion to the Indian thought in the Waste Land (where, how and Why are the Indian thoughts reference to)

Many western scholar, who were influenced by Indian philosophy. T.S. Eliot also use the Indian thought and tries to find answers of contemporary malaise in upanishad, Buddhism. Here we see the how to use indian thought in his poem.

1. The Fire Sermon:-

The concept of Fire Sermon is taken from "Adittapariyaya Sutta" a sacred book of Buddhasim. Which taught human beings how to liberate yourself from all these worldly materialistic wants. To liberate self one should avoid all worldly desire and passions. 

The word burning pointed out detachment from all the human wants.

2. What the Thunder Said:-

The Prajapati preaching to his three creation, Devtad, Danav, and Man. And he gave the shlok of three "DA" which became:

Datta-Human-Greedy 

Dayadhvam-Demons-cruelty 

Damayata-Gods-Self Control.

So This is the three word formula of Da, which is taken from Upanishad, and here Eliot uses it as a solution to heightened the spirit life of modern man.

Shanti..Shanti...Shantih..

Eliot ends the poem with a hopeful and spiritual tone, implying that peace and harmony can infact be achived.

River Ganga and Himalay:-

Eliot refers to wisdom of Indian for spiritual salvation of modern Humanity. Holly river Ganga is known for its purity and also for purification and Himalaya is known for spirituality and peace.

#Prior to the speech, Gustaf Hellström of the Swedish Academy made these remarks:

What are your views regarding these comments Is it true that giving free vent to the repressed 'primitive instinct' lead us to happy and satisfied life? or do you agree with Eliot's view that 'salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition'?' 

Freud the most profound cause of the confusion lay in the unbehagen in der kultar of modern man. Eliot are of opposite opinion salvation of man lies in the preservation of the cultural tradition. If we take the reference bof Freud here belived that giving a free vent to the represented primitive instinct lead us happy and satisfied life and we never even care for salvation.

Yes, it is truth that giving free vent to the repressed primitive instinct' can lead us to happy and satisfied life, but individually, things and happiness which is satisfying us can harm others and which give pleasure to others can harm us. But as per Eliot views if all follow such culture, tradition and belief in such lifestyle and moralities, a network of understanding can be created human live peacefully.

Thinking Activity- Bob Dylan and Robert Frost.

 Hello Readers,

This blog is my thinking activity given by our prof miss. Vaidehi Hariyani ma'am. And it very interesting and amazing activity for me. This activity like, create a video and write down your interpretation on this video and how to connect philosophy or any poem by Bob Dylan and Rober frost. Here we find the brief Introduction of poet and singer.

Bob Dylan and Robert Frost are the two American icons who have won so many hearts with their words. Bob Dylan (1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, visual artist and is regarded as one of the greatest songwriters of all time. While Robert Lee Frost (1874 –1963) was an American poet and regarded as one of the amazing poets of all time.

#Write down the message you want to give from your Lyrics.

Here I put one beautiful song in my video. And song name is "Zindagi Ek Safar Hai Suhana" Hindi Bollywood song. Some information below the song,

Singer-Kishor Kumar,

Movie-Andaz (1971),

Music-Shankar Jaikishan,

Cast-Shammi Kapoor, Hema Malini.

Song lyrics:-

(Zindagi ek safar hai suhana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana) (x2)

Arey o leiyo leiyo, oleiyo leiyo

Oleiyo leiyo, oleiyo leiyo

Oleiyo leiyo, oleiyo leiyo

(Chand taaron se chalna hai aage

Asmaanon se badna hai aage) -(x2)

Pichhe reh jayega yeh zamana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

Zindagi ek safar hai suhana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

(Haste gate jahan se guzar

Duniya ki tu parvah na kar) -(x2)

Muskuraate hue din bitana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

Haan zindagi ek safar hai suhana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

(Maut aani hai ayegi ik din

Jaan jaani hai jayegi ik din) -(x2)

Aisi baaton se kya ghabrana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

Zindagi ek safar hai suhana

Yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana

Di di di di, du du du

Oleyo leyo ha haa haa...

This song lyrics give to message of the transcience of life and the importance of living every moment to its fullest. Life is a beautiful journey. We knows that will happen tomorrow? We enjoyed the life without any tensions because we know that will happen in next day or next time. Life like cycling and we are only  tries to set of the world and not enjoying life. Here song lyrics are very beautiful and give to spirit of the enjoy the every day of life. We not think about the society or other but we will leave the world behind with smile and enjoy life. This life is a beautiful journey.

#Which poem/song of Bob Dylan/Rober frost is relatable with your video. Why?

Here I taken the one poem "Stopping by woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost. And i tried to interpret this poem in "Zindagi ek safar Hai Suhana"  song by Kishor Kumar. 

Poem:-

Whose woods these are I think I know.   

His house is in the village though;   

He will not see me stopping here   

To watch his woods fill up with snow.   

My little horse must think it queer   

To stop without a farmhouse near   

Between the woods and frozen lake   

The darkest evening of the year.   

He gives his harness bells a shake   

To ask if there is some mistake.   

The only other sound’s the sweep   

Of easy wind and downy flake.   

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,   

But I have promises to keep,   

And miles to go before I sleep,   

And miles to go before I sleep.

"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a poem written in 1923, and published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume. This poem reflects the thought of a lone wagon driver pausing at night in his travel to watch snow falling in the woods. The woods, attracted by the deep, dark silence of his surroundings. And i show to the city life and nature life in my video and tries to show the leave life like freely same like nature.  Poet want to enjoy the beauty of nature in that deep dark night but his duties toward his life forced him to move ahead. We see the river in this video and it is also represents to own duties because she not staying in one place. She always way and find your direction and met to ocean. It's give to message to find your direction without any problems.  Here the "Woods" can also suggest distractions and temptation during our journey of life. Up down in life but enjoyed like wheelbarrow.

"Zindagi ek safar hai Suhana yahan kal kya ho kisne jaana..."

Frost poem;

"I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep"

Both line are contradictory but each words gives to energy and motivation to find your direction without any hesitation. As we have many desire but it is not possible to achive them in a short span of life. Life has its own plans for us. This life is a beautiful journey and we are fullfill own dreams and desires. Miles to go before I sleep, this line given to motivation for us. 

Thank you.

The Act- Waiting for Godot

Hello friends..

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya. This blog is my thinking activity given by our professor. Here we find the some questions the play by Samual Beckett in "Waiting for Godot". 

Samual Beckett:-

Samual Beckett was an Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre directer, poet and literary transletor. Beckett was awarded the 1969 noble prize in literature for his writing. He also Star in the new form for the novel and drama. 

He write many plays like Breath is very shortest play only for the 30 second play. Another popular play is Waiting for Godot. Which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon.

# In both Acts, evening falls into night and moo. Rises. How would you like to interpret this 'coming of night and moon' when actually they are waiting for Godot?

As per is universe true to sun rising and moon falls and moon rising and sun falls. And we know for is nature's cycles and it process became in everyday. Nobody can stope it and change it as we want. Here this play also started with both characters communication to eche other and waiting for the Godot. Long time both are waiting but don't want and tries to pass of time. Here we find the moon rises means one day pass and another day came.   Here Moon also symbolise to the hope for the Vladimir and Estragon. Both are eagly waiting but Godot not came. Whatever happened in human life we can't change the situation, evening falls into night and moon rises give to hope and after the day he also coming. we are also face in same situation that time we waite the next day and connect with the positive attitude and only for the hopeful for the next time became something good for us.

# The director feels the setting with some debris. Can you read any meaning in the contours of debris in the setting of the play?

Here Beckett used contours of debris in the setting of the play. This play published in 1952 after the second world war. It time was so terrible for the people and lost of people suffer to this war and here Beckett used to his play in debris. It significant of rubbish and broken pieces of rock. And we find the film strated with Vladimir and Estragon stand for the debris and waiting for the Godot. Debris somthing sign for bad happen or meaninglessness of life that how the useless things if put together then it create a huge structure. Similarly the world is full of useless things which create or make the world. Debris represent the ups and downs of life. In this play also both characters Vladimir and Estragon claimed the debris whenever feels disappointment and think of committing suicides. 

#Do you agree: “The play (Waiting for Godot), we agreed, was a positive play, not negative, not pessimistic. As I saw it, with my blood and skin and eyes, the philosophy is: 'No matter what— atom bombs, hydrogen bombs, anything—life goes on. You can kill yourself, but you can't kill life." (E.G. Marshal who played Vladimir in original Broadway production 1950s)?

 This play is absurd play but it give to some positive message and present the real life of people. People are always confusion what I do? What is the purpose of life? And always to pass on life with confusion.  But here Waiting for Godot is an absurd play but it is positive play. I am agree with is idea of  Waiting for Godot as a positive play. As it presents the true picture of human life. Whatever they wish to live or not but life is never stops. If they wants to end their life it possible and but can't affected in lifelong for others. Other human beings keep on exist and live in the world, facing the same problem or suffering. Nothing change in the routing of the life of other. People who kill themself that they do not feel life is worth living or they have no future. We can kill yourself, but we can't kill life. Because life is always give to pleasure of life ang give to hope for new life. Because life is nothingness or meaninglessness.

Do you think that the obedience of Lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic? Even when the master Pozzo is blind, he obediently hands the whip in his hand. Do you think that such a capacity of slavishness is unbelievable?

Yes, the obedience of lucky is extremely irritating and nauseatic. But our society is full of lucky tyre people. We all are lucky in one or anther way. In this play always tries to became a slave in his master Pozzo. Because we see the film and lucky blindly followed the order of Pozzo and give to whip in his hand. Empowerment control us. Society any powerful person build any rules, blindly followed we have not think about its good or not? But main float not for this person but same time give your own  wipe in others hand. Someone tries to help us or make us aware but we started blaming them and hates to listen any advice and also hate to this person. We never allow ourself to free Like lucky. He also does this same thing in the play, even when Pozzo become blind, he never feels to make himself free from the chains and give it to the hand of his master Pozzo.

Do you think that plays like this can better be ‘read’ than ‘viewed’ as it requires a lot of thinking on the part of readers, while viewing, the torrent of dialogues does not give ample time and space to ‘think’? Or is it that the audio-visuals help in better understanding of the play?

Yes, this play required a lot of thinking on the part of readers, therefore it can be better read than viewed. Absurd play never be understood by  viewing only. If requires lots of understanding, otherwise we won't be able to get the idea that what was going on. This type of plays are better to be read than watching. As audience will get bore by looking on the philosophical meaning of the play. But when it read it throws more light into mind and will be understood well without getting bore and easy to get the torrent of dialogue as it can never be caught in film version of in any theatre act.

#Which of the following sequence you liked the most:

-Vladimir – Estragon killing time in questions and conversations while waiting

-Pozzo – Lucky episode in both acts

- Converstion of Vladimir with the boy

 We find Three sequence in this question and I like the conversational scene between Vladimir and Estragon. They passes many humorous dialogue while waiting to kill their time. Vladimir asked the question by Estragon and play game like questions- questions. It's very interesting conversation here find:

ESTRAGON:

(irritably). What is it?

VLADIMIR:

Did you ever read the Bible?

ESTRAGON:

The Bible . . . (He reflects.) I must have taken a look at it.

VLADIMIR:

Do you remember the Gospels?

ESTRAGON:

I remember the maps of the Holy Land. Coloured they were. Very pretty.

The Dead Sea was pale blue. The very look of it made me

thirsty. That's where we'll go, I used to say, that's where we'll

go for our honeymoon. We'll swim. We'll be happy.

Vladimir asked to question by Estragon u read the Bible?  And we see the Estragon not give to proper answer and say to another concept like honeymoon. And many events present the laught. And both are pass out the time, kill their time. As they makes the audience burst out in laughter with their silly activities or silly questions over each other.

Thank you..

Flipped learning Task:- Existentialism

Hello friends!!

I am student of English department. This blog is my flipped learning task given by our professor barad sir.

What is the flipped learning?

 Flipped learning is very interesting activity. It is based on your how to deal with the topic and how to engage to the outcome of this topic. We are  learn to tradition patterns but here it is digital era and use so many tools in digital world. It is better for the learn in digital tools. It is big opportunity to   learn the Existentialism in  flipped learning. 

What is the Existentialism?

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life, and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. It focuses on the question of human existence, and the feeling that there is no purpose or explanation at the core of existence.

I watch the 10 videos in this flipped learning task. the topic is  Existentialism. Let's explain the outcome of this videos.

First video:-

1.Video Title:- what is the Existentialism?

First i watch video in the starting of the Existentialism. Existentialism start with kierkegaard. Other Existentialists like:

-Soren Kierkegaard

- Martin Heideggar 

- Jean Paul Sartre

- Albert Camus

- Friedrich Nietzsche 6

- Simon De Beauvoir

Here the subject became a triangle with three side like, individual, passion, and freedom. we belived in god but god is a individual absurdity oh life. camus argue against this and he belived in god and recongnize the absurd and fully embrace to believing in  god. 

2. video: the myth of sisyphus; the absurd Reasoning.

Camus starts this essay by bringing our attention to an intriguing and some what unsuval start. he wrote Philosophical problem, it is suicide. he focusing commit suicide it deprived o all meaning. many people die because life is not worth living. here the meaning of life is the most urgent of question . Camue suicide is an individual act. relationship is individual thought on suicide. this thing beginning in undergone and discover the absurdity in life. life is absurd and meaningless. only reason for the death is meaningless life and absurd reason.

3. Video: The Feeling of the absurd is not for all that the Philosophical Suicide.

first of all we find the meaning of philosophical suicide means we not think in mind, death of thought in mind. absurd is neither man not in the world, it only occur in the their presence together. we tries to killed yourself as a philosopher to avoid the absurd facing the problem to which you don't know the answer. 

4.video: Dadaism, Nihilism and Existentialism.

lets brief discuss about all those thins;

Dadaism: 

Dada movement rose up against world war one. Dadaism is the value or even the existing civilization  which had proven themselves to be wrong by bringing world war first. it is a new culture, ne tool to make the emergence of new path and new values. it avoid the rules. i offering as a way of becoming free of everything here is your choice, make your own values.

Nihilism:

Dada and nahilism  nothing to do with echa other. Both are fed up in everyday life and arbitrary values. Nihilism it urges one to judge away every value and choose one's own meaning in life and should take responsibilities for all the choices that have been made so far by the individual as well as accept the consequences of it. 

Existentialism:

Existentialism was a response to the emptiness of war. The lives of the people became meaningless and devoid of any purpose with despair. 

5. Video: Existentialism:A Gloomy philosophy.

Why Existentialism thought of as a gloomy philosophy because notions such as anxiety, despair and absurdity. Something find the relief from the recording struggles by example, we belived in God and finding true based on faith. But here we find your own true and choose your own meaning in the life.

 6.Video: Existentialism and Nihilism.

Kierkegaard and every existentialist against the nihilism one way or another way. Nietzche means the nihilism that the highest values devaluate themselves. 

7. Video: let us introduce Existentialism again?

It is my favourite and very important to learn the clear thing of the Existentialism. Here we find the founders, and same details on this topic. Just discribed in ago questions. Some interesting questions for the Existence of over life:

Why am I here?

What does it means to be human?

How should I live my life?

We find the difference between the Existentialism and Nihilism. Existentialism one can create their own personal subjective meaning. And nihilism is no personal subjective meaning.

8. Video: Kids learning for the Existentialism.

It very interesting video. Here techer asked the question for the kids why is important to mummy papa and grandparents. Children replied we don't know. Teacher reply nietzche b would say that we don't have believed and those rules that are made. It possible that we can make up our own rules and as well as. Nietzche called being is German for Superman. But his Superman give to whatever he wants.

9. Video: Why I like Existentialism? Eric Dodson.

Here he give to road map of this videos. It very important trick to prepare your good presentation. 

-why i like Existentialism?

-how Existentialism bhas affected my everyday life.

-top 10 things you can do to livemore existentialy.

Here I put same idea in this video. We find two way of personal life; intellectual side, and what about you understand of life. He tells..

" Life is just DAN way of trying to propagate itself, blah, blah.."

Honesty:

Here he mentioned samo questions about the honestly.

-how absurd life really is.

-how we fall away from our deeper destinies 

-how we self deceptively deny our deeper fredom.

Holism:

Understanding life in term of all that life is accepting. Holism also includes contexts like the life is universe as a whole life it self.

Eric Dodson how to teaching Existentialism?

Here he give to reference like to compassion- Buddhasim. Road of awareness. Teach deeply and powerful and amazing time. 

10.video: Existentialism: Crash Course philosophy.

Why give your life meaning? God, love, money, work..ect. personal sense of purpose in your life or maybe your are created with a certain essence as a human being with a purpose given by God.

Ancient Greek Plato and Aristotle bgive to the everything has an essence. Essence means 

" A certain set of core properties that are necessary or essential for a thing to be what it is"

Over essences is the exist in is befor born. A good human is to adhare to your essence.

Here we find the intersting thoughts for this videos, it like to most:

-"Relationship is individual thought on suicide"

-"I am taking the liberty at the point of calling the existential attitude philosophical suicide"

-"I sont want values that other people have inventeal think"

-"Life+Anxiety? Find your solution itself"

-"human, all too human"

-"Everyone will live happy ever after"

-"Existentialism say that the life can have meaning, you chose your own adventure"

Here we find my questions in this videos that I not understand.

1. Existentialism is often accused of being a gloomy philosophy. So why is it thought of as a gloomy philosophy?

2. How to find the difference of nahilism and Existentialism. Both talked about the same things or same difference?

3. Why Existentialism bare suggesting escape from absurd instead of embracing it?

4. Nihilism taked about every knowledge is not possible to find a meaning of life. It's true but my question is how to find the meaning to life? Everyone suffering to existence of his/her own life.

Thank you...

Breath Shortest Play by Samual Beckett

 Hello Readers!!

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya and I am student of MKBUniversity English department. Here we find the very interesting task given by our professor because it not only tasks but think about the same absurdity in the shortest play "Breath" written by Samual Beckett. He was Irish novelist, Playwright, short story writer theatre director, and literary transletor. I put the shortest play "Breath".

CURTAIN Up

1. Faint light on stage littered with miscellaneous rubbish. Hold about five seconds

2. Faint brief cry and immediately inspiration and slow increase of light together reaching maximum - together in about ten seconds. Silence and hold for about five second

3. Expiration and slow decrease of light together reaching minimum together (light as in 1) in about ten seconds and immediately cry as before. Silence and hold about five seconds.

CURTAIN Down

 

Picturization of "Breath" :-

Interpretation:-

This play consist the many things like sound, Books, use of phones, tress and clock present in my video and I have try to discuss it. I interpreted to the  traditional generation to modern generation. Starting the video we listen to sound of the machine. It represents to the human doesn't find the breath of the life. There are constantly do the work but not find any reason for the life. I put the another thing like books and phone. Both are contradictory but same similarity like both gives to knowledge. But human are alone to the books and became a puppet for the phone. Many phone are dead in this it means not any phones working  like garbage but one phone is lightning. It means give to hope. And clock also symbolise to something became a good for all. Time always change, pass away but no one can  stoped the time and  no one can stoped their life. death give to peace and stoped their life but it not a proper solution for the life. But here we find the death of human and only their lived   in machanical life and it also represents the death of human existence. 

In short it represents human are trying to distorted your peace and as a human life.

I have used the time is the Central theme in this play. Human are always tries to find your existence but time on change no one find the proper reason or meaning of life. Human are always converted their life as a machines. Tress gives to breath but we are always run on the wrong direction. No find your peace and breath for the nature because human are always find your first need, to your existence. But both are lost only for the death of thoughts. 

It is my interpretation of this play.

Thank you.

The Act: Theory of Archetypes

 Hello Readers,

I am student of English department at MKBUniversity. Here my blog is the Archetype Of theory by Northrop Frye. 

His full name is Herman Northrop Frye. He was a great Canadian critic and literary theorist. He was more influenced of the 20th century.  His give the best theory of the Archetype. He explained the how to work this theory in the literature. Let's discuss about it.

#what is Archetypal criticism? What does the Archetypal critic do?

Archetypal criticism is the individual and universal forms of an image are identical the reasons being to complicated for us. It is eleborated much further into an exhaustive mapping of the possibility of literary form and content.

 The term of Archetypal  also presented the narrative design, pattern of action, character types, themes and images which are identifiable in a wide variety of works of literature, and aslo including the myth, dreams, and social rituals. And according to critic to do the difiend some point in their literary works. Critic identified elemental, patterns of myth and ritual that claimed, recur in the legends and ceremonial of diverse and far flung cultures and religions. And critic explained the repeated patterns of experience in our ancient, which is survive in the collective unconscious of the human race and  expressed in myth, religion,dreams, and private fantasies as well as in works of literature. Nothing in criticism or are compels the critic to take the attitude of ordinary waking consciousness toward the dream or the god. Art deals not real but some theory of conceivability.

#What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of 'Physics to nature' and 'criticism to literature'?

According to Frye, every organized body of knowledge can be learned progressively and experience shows that there is also something progressive about the learning of literature. Opening sentence has already is a semantic difficulty. Here give to example of the physics. Physics is a subject of the nature. It is centred to nature. Nature is the body of the knowledge for the physics. Student are learning physics, not that he is learning nature. Nature is a subject of systematic study and has to be distinguished from the study itself. Here is we have learning of  literature. it impossible to learn literature but learn about the certain way. Similarly learn to criticism. It is difficulty often felt in teaching literature. Arise from the fact that it cannot be done, the criticism of literature is all that can be directly taught. 

So while no one expects literature itself to behave like a science, criticism deals with the art itself but it does not follow that it must be unsystematic.

#Share your views on relation of literature with history and philosophy.

Literature is the Central division of the "Humanities". One side by history and one side by philosophy. Both are more important for the divine literature. Criticism so far ranks only as a subdivision of literature. It means to not give to proper respect like the other subject. Criticism is the best part for the literature. It is systematic mental organization of the subject. History subject like to connect to past events and also lighting in the present age. And philosophy also give to the idea of spirituality, moral and many. Both are proform in very well. History connected with the events and philosophy also connected with the idea. It such a pattern exists, then criticism would be to art what philosophy is to wisdom and history to action. Both subjects is very important to read the criticism of the literature. It is the body of the knowledge for the criticism. It very helpful to learn about the events or ideas.

#explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare Hamlet's Grave Digger Scene.

 According Frey,  Two type of methods in this Archetypal criticism. An inductive method is the going to particular to general. Grave digger scene is the best example of this method. Here two gravedigger to digging a grave for the newly deceased Ophelia. And hamlet and his friend come the graveyard. Here it symbolise to something bad happen. Gravedigger are happy to their work in graveyard, sing the song. Hamlet enters and engages in a quick dialogue with the Frist gravedigger. After the grave ready and grave to Ophelia that time hamlet fighting with the ophelia brother laertes because hamlet truly love her. We find the rain images of corruption and decay. 

#Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to music, painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

Deductive method means to general to particular.  Here the time like music and space like painting. Both cases organizing principal is recurrence. Which called the rhythm and pattern. Frye, says that music has rhythm and painting has pattern. Perhaps we cannot understand the rhythm or music at first listening but with the blink of the eyes we can get the pattern of the painting. This literature is the only bridge between music and painting.

#Refer to the Indian seasonal grid if you can please read small gujrati or Hindi or English poem from the Archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.

Here I take the seasonal poem "Autumn Song" by Sarojini Naidu. Here the lyrics like..

Like a joy on the heart of a sorrow,

The sunset hangs on a cloud;

A golden storm of glittering sheaves,

Of fair and frail and fluttering leaves,

The wild wind blows in a cloud.

Hark to a voice that is calling

To my heart in the voice of the wind:

My heart is weary and sad and alone,

For its dreams like the fluttering leaves have gone,

And why should I stay behind?

Autumn is the dying stage of the seasonal calender, which parellels the tragedy genre because it is known for the "fall" or demise of the protagonist.

Here we find this song of Autumn. Sarojini Naidu uses lyrical language with simple and rhymes. Autumn significantly present to something became bad or sorrow in the life. Here we find the personal loss and loneliness with the beautiful frailty of autumn. She capitalizes on wind as a metaphor for change and loss of "joy" in the fair frailty of Autumn. The change from the invocation of nature to the personal address in the last stanza, specifically in the last line, gives the speaker urgency to move on from the loss and not linger in sorrow that she hears in the “wind.” 

Here I wind up my interpretation. It is very important and intresting topic for me.

Bridge Course: The War Poetry.

Hello friends!!

I am student of English department at MKBUniversity. It is my thinking activity. Topic is the war poetry. Let's discuss about the war poetry.

What is the war poetry?

War poetry is a literary genre original during  first world war  time when hundreds of soldiers, and also civilian caught up in conflict started to write poetry as a way of striving to express extreme emotion at the very edge of experience. This poems have a relation of personal experience to moments of natinal and international crisis. Let's discuss same questions about the war poet and poetry.

Difference of all the war poets:-

I study to five war poets in my syllabus. All poets write the very different styles of his writing. Let explain it in seperate:

Wilfred Owen style of writing:-

 

Owen found a strong poetic voice by use of images. Rejecting the style of poetry that was practised by Brooke and others, Owen wrote about the terror and shock of war from a very close point. His poems are harsh as the war, by the use of sounds as well as visually.

  Rupert Brooke:-

Rupert Brooke wrote his poems in neo-Romantic style, inspired by the style of Georgian poets.

Wilfrid Wilson Gibson:-

Gibson’s poetry was characterized by an acute examination of the commonplace. His poems often focus on the lives of the working class. This, again, was based on the idea of making poetry more honest and accessible to everyone’s experience.

Siegfried Sassoon:-

Owen’s more heightened lyrical style, Sassoon is adept at catching the rhythms and slang of the ordinary soldiers he served with, whilst the deep empathy underlying the words raises the poems above plain satire.

Compare any two poems with reference to the subject, style of writing and patriotism.

I compare to two poems like The Soldiers written by Rupert Brooke and The Fear written by Wilfred Wilson Gibson.  

The soldiers pome presented the first world war in 1914.  Poet is also participet in the war and after write the feeling of the soldiers. Here he use the soldiers identity and he also part of the nation. It poen is a deeply patriotic and idealistic poem that expresses a soldiers love for the his home land in this England. And another side the poem the fear written by Gibson. Here Gibson did not serve abroad and was not involved in any fighting. His point of view of a soldier in the trenches.  Here The centre of poem the experience of world war one. He represent the reality of a ordinary British soldiers. 

The soldiers poem the soldiers two desire: origin of his existence and consciousness will retire when he die. Capturing the early enthusiasm for the war. And here we find some hope to reture die in war. Here he love for her motherland England. Theme of the poem are war, patriotism and nationlahood The fear poem is captures sense of honesty and compassion and vice of both soldiers and civilian. A parent questions the authority who send men to fight.  Soldiers to free of brash patriotism. And theme of the poem guilt, madness, injury, death and sense of identity. 

We find the both poem are very different to each other. One is desire to fright for the nation and another is not fight for the other countries and questions about the authority to send the soldiers to fight to another countries. 

Do you find any such regional poem/movies/web series/songs which can be compared to any one of the poems given here. Also, give a proper explanation of the similarity.

Teri mitti me...

Teri mitti mein mil jawaan

Gull banke main khil jawaan

Itni si hai dil ki aarzu

Teri nadiyon mein beh jawaan

Teri kheton mein lehrawaan

Itni si hai dil ki aarzu 

Teri mitti mein is a very similar song for the soldier war poem written by the Rupert Brooke. Teri mitti is a Hindi song. This song present in film of Kesari. This film is very patriotic and all Soldiers fight. It follows the events leading to the Battle of Saragarhi, a battle between 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs of the British Indian Army and 10,000 Afridi and Orakzai Pashtun tribesmen in 1897. 

The soldiers:-

A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,

      Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam;

A body of England’s, breathing English air,

      Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.

It poem is deeply patriotic and idealistic poem that expresses a soldiers love for his homeland in England. Both song are very similar to each other. The soldiers he was happy to fight in his motherland also he tries to give his life only for his land. And song also show the spirit of the countries and realy to die in his motherland.

Thinking Activity- The Great Gatsby

Hello friends!!

I am student of English department, at MKB University. This blog is my my thinking activity task given by our professor. Let's discuss about The Grate Gatsby novel written by Fitzgerald. 

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in the Jazz Age on Long Island, near New York City, the novel depicts first-person narrator Nick Carraway's interactions with mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and Gatsby's obsession to reunite with his former lover, Daisy Buchanan.

And now I discuss about the some details on this movie derective by Baz Luhrmann'. Baz Luhrmann's adaptation of "The Great Gatsby" isn't a disaster. Every frame is sincere. Its miscalculations come from a wish to avoid embalming a classic novel in "respectfulness" — a worthy goal, in theory.

#How did the film help in understanding the symbolic significance of 'The Valley of Ashes', 'The Eyes of Dr. T J Eckleberg' and 'The Green Light'?

The Green Light:-

Situated at the end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from Gatsby’s West Egg lawn, the green light represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby associates it with Daisy, he reaches toward it in the darkness as a guiding light to lead him to his goal. Because Gatsby’s quest for Daisy is broadly associated with the American dream, the green light also symbolizes that more generalized ideal. In Chapter 9, Nick compares the green light to how America, rising out of the ocean, must have looked to early settlers of the new nation.

The Valley of Asheh:-

The valley of ashes between West Egg and New York City consists of a long stretch of desolate land created by the dumping of industrial ashes. It represents the moral and social decay that results from the uninhibited pursuit of wealth, as the rich indulge themselves with regard for nothing but their own pleasure. The valley of ashes also symbolizes the plight of the poor, like George Wilson, who live among the dirty ashes and lose their vitality as a result.

The Eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg:-

The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are a pair of fading, bespectacled eyes painted on an old advertising billboard over the valley of ashes. They may represent God staring down upon and judging American society as a moral wasteland, though the novel never makes this point explicitly. Instead, throughout the novel, Fitzgerald suggests that symbols only have meaning because characters instill them with meaning. The connection between the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg and God exists only in George Wilson’s grief-stricken mind. This lack of concrete significance contributes to the unsettling nature of the image. Thus, the eyes also come to represent the essential meaninglessness of the world and the arbitrariness of the mental process by which people invest objects with meaning. Nick explores these ideas in Chapter 8, when he imagines Gatsby’s final thoughts as a depressed consideration of the emptiness of symbols and dreams.

#How did the film capture the jazz age The Roaring Twenties of the America in 1920s?

The Jazz age is eterm coined by Fitzgerald to illustrate the condition of the American in 1920. It time for the first world war and that time also known for the great dipression. And the jazz age became a famous. And jazz music blossomed and became tremendously popular.  This music famous for the crazy and full of wealth, frivolity and carelessness. Young people against the traditional culture and morality of the previous generations. The Great Gatsby is the best example to show the America. Gatsby is come from the poor family but his Ambition to became a richest person in the America. He started the business and became the richest person. This age owns the most expensive carnival like Gatsby extravagant parties. Parties as symbolise to safe to real identity or crime. People spirituality became decadence gradually untill it's corruption as Gatsby's illegal business of bootlegging, as alcohol was banned in the entire Us. And other characters like Tom and Daisy also enjoyed the jazz age. Tom and Daisy attend the parties and dances, live in luxury lifestyle. Both driving cars it speedy and driking hard whisky. Here the whisky is also presented the life of the America in 1920s.

# How did the film help in understanding the character of the novel.

The Great Gatsby is the novel and so many characters here. first I read the characters of novel I not understand to role of the each characters and how to show the roaring twenties of the America in 1920s. Many characters represent here like, Nich, Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, Jordan Baker, Myrtle and many more. I watch the film that time I read the short introduction of the characters and i confused to understand of each. But stared the film that time I implied the novel characters on the film characters. and It became a very  easy for me to analyse those character. We know the visual image create a more effect to mind and easily to remember. Film give to visual images and over mind capture in easily and understand to what is say and what detection to telling the novel. Difficult charcters became a easy only through the film. The film is very helpful to me to understanding the characters of the novel.

#How did the film capture the theme of racism and sexism?

The 1920s time for the great dipression and the 1930s social values were disturbing racist, sexist and a self contradictory mess trying to balance the needs of the people to maintaining order in a capitalist society. The film capture the theme of racism and sexism through the charcters of the Tom, Daisy, and Jay Gatsby.  The Jay Gatsby come from the poor family and he desire to became a richest parson and he far from the family and one day suddenly bacame a richer. And he attracted to all wealthy people. And particularly to attract to Daisy because he won to her love. Daisy belives "that the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beutiful little fool" whenever Daisy is spoken about its  not in relation to her intelligence, but rather that "Her voice is full of money" it show to she love to money. Tom is husband by the Daisy. And first he impress to her in dinner party. Where Tom proclaims his racism and xenophobia is there reality of Daisy's dependence on a society that limits her agency and time expression of musculise crisis. Jay organized the parties and Daisy come and spend her time with Jay. And Tom are always to tries imbalance to Jay. Dressing is also present to real role. Tom live a wealthy life and also know to sense of dressing in wealthy man but he also tries to imbalance to Jay and telling to pink suit man and Oxford man. Last scene of the film that is most interesting and heart touching scene. Tom is hopeful person and waiting to Daisy come and stay together. But she not come there and she stay in her husband Tom. All those scene represent the racism and sexism theme of the film.

#What the video on Nick Carraway and discuss him as a narrator.

I watch the video and here my interpretation of tha Nick Carraway as a narrator. Nick talk about the story of his neighbour Jay Gatsby and his love for Daisy. He tries to communicate to the reader. He use the first person narrator technique of using an implied author. Which is to say that the grate Gatsby should really memoir. Nich is responsible for making b authorial choices that go beyond simple narration. Nick present himself in the most positive and sympathetic. He is carefully chosen language indented to evoke pathos. His father give to advise to write. And he hesitant to criticise others. Nick travels to New York 1922 to learn the bond business and here he observed love affair between Daisy and gatsby. He tells the story. He functions as Fitzgerald's voice as in his extended meditation on time and the American dream at the end of chapter 9. Death of Jay Gatsby that time he alone not come there to other people. Here interpretation of Nick is a far cry from a close reading of the novel. After the end of the novel he retired to Minnesota in search more traditional moral values.

#watch the video on psychoanalytical study of Jay Gatsby and write about this characters. 

I watch the video on phycho analytical and here my interpretation. This video speak about idea of shame and guilt in Jay Gatsby character. It drive to behaviour of people. Here Jay Gatsby shame for his identity. No one knows where he come from, what he does or how he made his fortune. But we find the last scene of the film death of Jay Gatsby. No one came there but one old person came and tells to Nick he was the father of jammie. It means we find the real name of Jay Gatsby as jammie but he shame about his name. And he go far his family and change his name jammie to Jay. It very suitable name for his identity of Gatsby. He shame for his life of poverty. He desire to became a richer man. And another way for the guilt. It good symbols for the purified his name. He became the richer man and he organized to the parties. It best example for his safe his guilt through the parties. And Jay Gatsby the best strength of  he ia a hopeful person. He waite for the Daisy, she came and stay together. He true love for Daisy. He also famous for lavish parties throws every Saturday night and also tries to impress Daisy. He  always tries to express the he was richest person and study in Oxford University. And Tom also tries to show the real face of the Daisy.  That time Tom became success and Jay bacame violence. It about Jay Gatsby.

Thank you..

Thinking activity- Transcendentalism

 Hello friends!!

I am student of English department, MKBU and this blog is my thinking activity given by our prof. Vaidehi mam. Let's light on this topic.

First we read the word transcendentalism. So many questions about this what is meaning or what the things. Let's tries to understand the meaning of word and same details:

Transcendentalism:

In the 1830s the philosophy of Transcendentalism arose in new England, as a reaction to intellectualism. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous and influential transcendentalists. Other are Margaret fuller were early pioneers of feminism. Let's discuss about same questions about this topic.

#Transcendentalists talks about individual relation with nature. What is nature for you? Share your views.

AS a group, the Transcendentalists led the celebration as one of individualism and self reliance. They took progressive stands on women's, abolition, reform and education. They criticised government organized, religion, laws, social and institutions, and creeping industrialization. They created American state of mind in which imagination was better than reason, creative was better than theory and action was better than contemplation and they had faith that all would be well because humans could transcend limits and reach astonishing heights.

Reach Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous Transcendentalists. Thoreau lived there for two years, two months and two days in Walden pond. He expired the themes of nature, spirituality, self reliance, and simple life. And Emerson' s most famous works was the self Reliance a defence of individualism which emphasized nonconformity and personal responsibility. According to my point in nature give me a pleasure for the life.  Nature Solved many problems like physical or mental. I went to live in alone and peaceful place because that place give me relation and more energetic feeling. Nature always help to solve over problems. Nature give me to peaceful area. I am alone that time meet my real face, i tried to listen my voice, met in own self. It time give to happiness. I meet the nature parts like rivers, i forgot about pain or problen. Peace give to way of thinking. Hill give to free air and i things about the so positive thought. It give to message u fly to sky it means u can do it. And birds give to Message live in free and freedom in life. All many parts of nature give me to new way of life.  Nature give to adventures of life. This all about the nature to save my life and others also. According to nature give to pleasure of the journey.

#Transcendentalism is an American philosophy that influenced American literature at length. Can you find any Indian/regional literature or philosophy came up with such similar thought?

Yes I find the tribal philosophy and i tries to explain the philosophy here but first of all we know the American philosophy followed the Transcendentalists.

The philosophy of Transcendentalism originated in Unitarian ism. Intellectuals did not reject the unitarianism but yearned for a more spiritual experience and balance out reason. Transcendentalists refer to a spirituality that transcends the realm of rationality and the material world. Transcendentalists belived that humans were fundamentally good but corrupted by society and that they should therefore strive for independence and self reliance.

Tribal philosophy:-

There are nine types of philosophy in India and among these, tribal philosophy is the best. It is the adivasi philosophy of collectivism, being one with the nature and all its elements which will ultimately and the cycle of exploitation of individualism.  Tribal communities worship the nature and also offer Puja to panchatatva, five elements of nature. The tribal communities are learning about places of worship, rituals of birth and death. Tribal community celebrated to festivals based on nature. First we started the festival to pay for the god and goddess of the nature. We belived in the rituals of the festival. Here I put image to study of sociology topic is tribal community. Some are more interesting thing in this image...

I wind of my thinking based on this topic Transcendentalists theory of nature and philosophy of tribal community.

Thinking Activity-W.B.Yeats

Hello friends!

I am student of English department, MKBU. This blog of my thinking activity task given by our prof Dilip Barad sir. The topic is a W.B.yeats poem. Let's discuss about the same question.

#Pandemic reading of the poem "The Second Coming" written by Yeats.

The second coming is a poem written by Irish poet W.B. Yeats in 1919. First printed in The Dial in November 1920, after words including in his 1921 collection of verses Michael Robartes and The Dancer.

The poem uses Christian imagery regarding the Apocalypse describe the atmosphere of post war Europe. Everyone know that the effect of first world war. This time 9 million people die on war. It's bece a historical events in the world. First world war started in the 1914-18 and after Spanish flu Spread in speedy and affected many people and 50,000 million people die in this flu. Spanish flu very dengerous to people and many people die in this flu. We find some avidence of flu in literary texts written by post world war poets, author in their works. Here the second coming is a best example of the Spanish flu.

We can read this poem in seperate context like:

1 The first is political context.

2 religious context

3 pandemic poem.

 Know, the second coming poem looked as a pandemic poem. How can identified this poem is a pandemic poem. Here I find some connections and historical events in the poem. Let's discuss some reason:

-First reason the poet belong to the modern age and he also know for the war poet.

-Second reason this poem we know that the published in 1919 and that time first world war end. Many people die and lots of suffered. Side effects increase, and Spanish flu are widely spread.

-Third reason, we find the history of the poet. The poet's wife death in the waves of a flu pandemic.

There are many reasons to read the the second coming as a pandemic poem.

W.B. Yeats the losses of the first world war were still overwhelming when millions more began to die in waves of a flu pandemic, which infected Yeats wife, George Hyde-Lees, while she was pregnant. She and their child would survive on those time.

The Second coming, the title of the poem means give birth to another. First we read this poem not find any meaning and re read this poem we got the reference of the pandemic poem.

"The blood dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere, 

A shape with Lione body and the head of a man"

Ww know that the virus had no shape. But in those poem poet described virus as a lion body and head of a man. Because it not possible but I remember one work Hayavadna written by Girish Karnard.

Yeats wife caught the virus and she was very close to death because she pregnant and pregnant women are very effective in flu. Here we find the current reference of COVID 19 that time pregnant women are not safe and many women die.  

"The ceremony of innocence is drowned"

The another thing is the Bethlehem is not taken here as birth place of Jesus Christ but it's consider here as birth place of flu virus.

#Critical analysis of W.B.Yeast another poem Death.

Death is the shortest poem of all his finest poem. In just a dozen lines, Yeats examines human attitudes to death, contesting them with an animal's ignorance of its own mortality. Death was written in 1929.

Let's tries to discuss in detail:-

"Nor dread nor hope attend  a dying animal,

A man awaits his end Dreading and hoping all"

Here Yeats compare man's awareness tha he will die with an animal's luch of awareness of this: an animal neither fears death not hope for life after death. Hindu belived in rebirth and only for karma. Here man does consoling himself through religion that death will not be the end.

"Many time he died,

Many time rose again"

Here poet is probably echoing a sentiment put forward by Shakespeare in Julia's Ceasar 

"Coward die many times before their deaths. 

The brave experience death only once"

We die in the course of our lives many time through failure of nerve or failing to live in same other sense, yet we got another chance to make our lives good this reading of the lines is borne out by the next line, refering as it does to

"A great Man in his pride"

Indeed, a great man, one who has to deal with and confront, men who commit murder, has learnt to ridicule man's fixation upon death, which is described as more supersession means  to replace something.

The poem suggest, when we breathe our last breath on this earth, do we merely replace one kind of existence with another or what happen to us when we die?

Not that these questions trouble the grate men. Yeats mentions he knows death to the home and knows that man has created death. That is death is a man made concept.  Yeats is not denying that men die, what he is rejecting here is the notion that death or mortality is something we should dwell too much upon.

An animal dies, just like a man but an animal does not live it's life governed by questions of what happen when it shuffles off this mortal coil or what might await it after its breathed it's last on this earth.

The great man Yeats refers to in Death is Kevin o' Higgins an Irish politician who had been assassinated in 1927. It poem is not make a political context, but makes a general point about man's attitude to his own mortality. How can we forget that one day we will die?

We find the some rhyming words like:

Attend- end, animal-all, died-pride, Again-men, upon-bone, breatg-death.

It poem rhymes like:ABAB..

Here I wind up my writing two poem the second coming and another poem is Death. Both poem are most important to read the same reality of the life.

Thinking Activity- Auden's Poems

Hello  friends!!

I am student of English department at MKBU. This is blog of my thinking activity given by our prof.Dilip Barad sir. This we find the comparison of the Auden's poem based on pandemic and ukrain rassia war. Let's start through the question:

# Auden's Poems seems to be written in our times for 2022. Justify this in context of pandemic and Russia Ukraine War.

This question is very interesting to see the present historical movement passed out to all. Let's explain in reference of the Auden's Poems.

First i explain his poem "In Memory of W.B. Yeats" written by W.H.Auden in 1939.this poem based on  death of the Irish poets W.B. Yeats in January of the your. As well as being an elegy for the dead poet. 

This poem decided in three sections and he give to separate things. And here we find the first section, W.B.Auden discuss the death of W.B. Yeats "in the dead of Winter" we know the history of the Yeats life and he died in January. And January it's time like the winter. A time when the Brooks were all frozen over and snow made it difficult to make out the public statues. Here I remember the selfish gient it a short story and we find the children not come in garden that time garden transfer like winter. But here is a winter is symbolic like death of the poet's and this story present the symbol of death of children happiness. In this poem it was so cold the mercury in the thermometers dropped. As Yeats lay ill & dying. I compare in the winter cold in the pandemic. We know the COVID 19 affects different people in different ways. And common sysptems like fear, cough, tiredness and loss of taste or smell. We know that all sysptems find out in winter time. It's normal.  According to Indian Meterological Department In 2020, human deaths due to cold waves were 76 times more than those due to heat waves. I say the winter time is symbolis to death of poet and pendemic also the death of many people.

Another stanza this statement "Poetry makes nothing happen" in the context of the whole stanza, a more complex and interesting argument emerges. Auden says in the previous line that "Ireland has her madness and her weather still; because poetry makes nothing happen" remarking on the failure of poetry to change things. Here I make the comparision of the Ukraine and Russia war. Ukraine are not strong for the fight in Russia but fight against their identity. And we find some inequality of many things find out the below photo..

We find some inequality. And the Auden poem make any thing happen, it is itself a way of happening not something that makes history happen but part of history itself. In present time we know that the Russia and Ukraine war and pendemic both situation make very dengerous and terrible situation for the people. War that time many soldiers died and also Pandemic time so many people died. It became a historical event itself. It happen history but part of history itself.

Another stanza of the poem, Auden describes the day of Yeats death as "a dark Cold day" i connected those words in pandemic and War. It like a dark cold day for everyone. It a very terrible time for people and how to survive two dangerous situation it big questions for everyone. Dark clouds also symbolic like anything happen, and give to sign in bad time. It true many people die in both situation. Here we find the reference of dark clouds also presented the poet's death.  According to India Meteorological department as many as 152  deaths were recorded due to cold waves in 2020. Also dark cold symbols of death. 

Another poen like 1 September 1939. As is evident by the title of the poem in history. Here find the reference of Hitler. He rise to power in 1933 was part of an era of European history makes by the rise of totalitarian government from Benito Mussolini's Italy to Francisco franco's Spain. Germany moved to fascism and led to rampant militarism and the conquest of surrounding counties like Australia and Czechoslovakia. It is example of rise of fascism. Here we find same situation on rassia and Ukraine. Russia and Ukrainian Thursday, 24 February 2022 became a historical event.  Ukraine's elected president Viktor Yanukovych and his supporters, he refused ti sign a political association and free Trade agreement with European union that enjoyed majority support in Ukraine parliament and another part russia government feared that Ukrainian membership of the Ev and NATO would complete a western wall of allied countries and russia access to the Black Sea consequences for economy. 

On 24 Feb 2022, Russia begun invading Ukraine, which prompted Ukraine to break diplomatic ties with its eastern neighbour. It is my understanding to connect Auden's Poems in present event like pendemic and Russia and Ukraine War.

# In order to create duality in interpration of the poem September 1, 1939. Auden uses codified language to conceal the underlying theme of the lack of acceptance of homosexuality in society. Do you agree with this observation.

It is very interesting question. We read works of poet or author that time we read also words by words and understand through the meaning but sometime it not ok. You really read those works it not simple meaning but find same hidden message. Here it same thing applyed this poem. First u read this poem we find words meaning but also we connect to poet life that time we find another meaning. Let's try to interpreted Auden's personal or hidden message first need to read the history and background in poets.  

I agree to this poem theme of the lack of acceptance of homosexuality in society based on Auden personal life. Let's discuss about poet connection of his desire for the homosexuality. 

Morgan Walker study to poem on another side, hidden message. I read this article and i write on my understanding to the poem. Auden was very intelligent student got the scholarship in Oxford in which we was going to study in the natural science. And Auden seemed to have feeling for fellow undergraduate men and these feelings had gone unexpressed. He found this freedom through sexual activity. Major event happen in his life he met a young man named Chester Kallman. Auden and Kallman started a relationship soon after and became friends and lovers untill his death. 

The fact the Auden met and fell in love with Kallman in 1939, the same years that he wrote September 1 1939. It give to deep roots in Auden personal feeling about love it like dual interpretation.

Auden find ways to create duality in his work so that he can bring a deep meaning to multiple groups of people. Science Auden has a personal connection with the homosexual community it would make sense he is creating a second meaning behind his work that speaks to homosexuals. By creating a second meaning. To his work homosexuals are able to connect with his poetry and understand it on a deeper level.

1 September in which he uses the historical event of war as a platform to state his own personal philosophy. Aden uses historical references and literary devices such a metaphors to help drive his opinion home about his disgust for what he sees as a dishonest government. In the poem, Auden creates a metaphor of light and dark. It is contrast between the individual who are honest and hopeful for the future against those who are corrupt and dishonest. The intolerance of homosexuality interpretation is the light represent those who are accepting and embrace homosexual lifestyle. And dark is those who are intolerant and look down on homosexuals. In line..

"Waves of anger and fear circulate over the bright and darkness lands of the earth"

Expressing the feelings of fear that are being felt towards the homosexual community. Not openly spoken about not openly accepted by society. Fear represent the feeling that people felt towards the homosexual because being openly gay was new concept not accept the society. 

"The light must never go out"

Express the idea that is love is lost, human are doomed. Auden ends his metaphor with the image of an "affirming flame" which in both interpretations use this image to show the strength that auden feels for emotion about the subjects in which he's speaking about. And many more examples we find the feeling of the   homosexuality.

Here I wind of my both questions. It is very interesting topic to connect in historical events. And find out some hidden message through the Auden poem.

Thank you!!

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