Tell It Not In Gath One Act Play By Joe Corrie

 Hello Readers,

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya, this blog is based on the one act played by Joe Corrie. We Know that the one act play means to perform in 20-40 minute play in one setting.  Here I write a detailed one act play Tell It Not In Gath which is more informatics with small dialogues but is like a comedy in a satirical way.  

About Author:-

According to T.S Eliot Joe Corrie is as 

"The greatest Scot poet since Burns"

"Joe Corrie is a man with a gift of a vision of Beauty. He is set in the hard reality of a miner's life, lived in a Miner's row and vision and reality are in surging conflict."

-Mac Donald 

Joe Corrie was born on 13 May 1894 to a collier father and a land-working mother. He was a Minerpoet, Scottish playwright and radical activist. He spent his first few years in Slamannan, south of Falkirk, before moving to Cardenden, in Fife, with his parents and his three younger siblings. At the age of fourteen, Joe left school and followed in his father’s footsteps, down the pits of Cardenden and Lochgelly. He worked there until the death of his father, in 1915, before moving to the mining village of Mauchline, for three years. Back in Cardenden, in 1918, 1918, Corrie made the acquaintance of Andrew Doig, a well-read pit electrician who became Joe’s mentor and encouraged him in writing.

In 1919, Corrie began to write poetry in a minute notebook, which has been preserved by the National Library of Scotland. On the first pages of his modest manuscript, Corrie wrote a dedication to Andrew Doig, ‘in testimony of my admiration and joy which I have derived during the course of many pleasant conversations’. The following twenty poems reflect Corrie’s themes, emotions, and politics as a young working-class writer. 

Strongly influenced by Robert Burns, Corrie’s early pieces celebrate the common man against figures of temporal and spiritual authorities. His poems are inspired by the mining Communities of west Fife and explore Socialist themes.

He has extensive works of more than 75 published plays, six collections of poems, one collection of short stories, one novel and many unpublished songs and recordings. 

Published works are The Poacher 1926, In Time O' Strife, poems are Hypocracy, The Image of God and The Road the Fiddler Went, The Miner 1921. His performances are Hogmanay, The Shillin-a-Week Man; both plays  raised money to feed the miners during the General Strike. 

He died on 13 Nov 1968 in Edinburgh his name is remembered in the corrie centre at Cardenden.

Meaning of the Gath:-

According to Collins Dictionary,

Old Testament

one of the five cities of the Philistines, from which Goliath came (I Samuel 17:4) and near which Saul fell in battle (II Samuel 1:20)

Philistines means:-

If you call someone a philistine, you mean that they do not care about or understand good art, music, or literature, and do not think that they are important.

Spiritual Meaning of Gath:-

A group of thoughts in the consciousness of man that believe in trial and look upon all experiences from the standpoint of seeming trial and suffering.

Trial meaning is the process in court of law where a judge listens to evidence and decides if somebody is guilty of a crime or not.

In the play Joe Corrie tells the story of Christian man who believes that the Christianity faith make a good man in the society but in the play mining people come and make atmosphere is bad to play a gambling of football coupon that why the all churchwarden come to the rectory and to discuss the problem of gambling. But in play it shows the other side of people that actually the gambling activities are not done only for mining people but also connected with the high reputed people. They won twenty thousand pounds for a football coupon at a time when they were not guilty of their crime. That is why the corrie says that the Tell It Not in Gath. 

Settings of the Play:-

Tell It Not in Gath as a comedy play. Joe Corrie's short play. The play started in the small room where Arther Wesley and Marjory sit. The Scene setting as a room of the rectory at little Padley. It is a larger room, with typical but rather shabby furniture. In a room set on an oblong table, a sheet of record books, dark table cloth, inkstand, blotter bookcase is like a small bureau where Arther sits doing the works of Church. 

In the fireplace there is a sofa, small table, bookstande and on the wall dimd the pictures of the parents of the Rev. Arthur Wesley. In the picture Arthur's father is depicted as on elderly bearded man in clerical garb. And his mother was portrayed as an elderly woman with greying hair and resigned expression. 

Tell It Not in Gath Characters:-

Rev. Arthur Wesley:-

He was a man of nearly sixty. He was reactor of little padley Church. He worked to convert sinners to the Christian faith in the right proper way. He is ready to meet mining people and make a friend. He changes their bad habits and changes their hearts. He was a busy man his whole time in seeing the church and doing the work of church things. No time to waste all other things which are not connected to the Church. When play Started at that time he was an unhappy and discontented face because of things abouts the mining people who come and stay in the surrounding of Church and their doing a bad atmosphere because of their gambling habits . His biggest problem was to find a solution and how to stop. He asked other charchearden to discuss this problem and find a solution. In this play Arthur Wesley presented a vital role. 

Marjory:-

Marjory presented the vital role in the play. She was the wife of Arthur Wesley. She is a few years younger than her husband. She lived in Little Padley Church.  She crafts Knitting and sells her craft in Church Bazaar. 

Miss Oliver:-

She was a slim spinster unmarried girl of thirty five years. She is also a member of the Church and she comes to the reactor to discuss the gambling problem of the Church.  Wearing a homemade woollen dress. She feels peace when she comes to the rectory. 

Miss Crundle:-

Miss Crundle was a stouter and ruddier lady. She wears a tweed costume, collar, tie and brogue shoes in the meeting. When she comes to the rectory feels blessed and calm. She put on a badminton tournament and joined the meeting at the rectory to find the solution of gambling.  

Joseph Devinish:-

He was a dapper little man of fifty five years. He joined a meeting at the rectory. He was wearing a wing collar and bow tie with his smart suit. He sings in the choir and at local concerts. He always  brings down the houses with 'Take a Pair of Sparkling Eyes'. He was a businessman. He does choir practise every Sunday and sings in a choir in Church. 

Sam Marden:-

Sam Marden was a hypocritical man in the play. He played a vital role in the play. When met, arrange in the rectory at times his appearance shows as a showcased man. He is dressed in heavy clothes with a stout gold watch chain. His trousers are rather baggy and his boots so heavy. He was a grocer man but might be taken for a farmer. He presented as an air of being the most important person in the rectory. His motto is "Never Absent, Never Late" . He is always looking at his gold watch so he is a punctual man. He was a chairman of the community council, district council and also churchwarden of Pedley Church. In the play he introduces me as Sam Marden. At the end of the play he won the twenty thousand pounds in football coupon. This news given by marjory at that time he became so hypocritical as to say that I give to church in one thousand pounds but one condition is that at times Arthur announced to the press  that Sam Marden gave the thousand pounds for the welfare of the Church. He says that, "God works in a mysterious way his wonders to perform" here Sam Marden thinks that he was the most fortunate man in the world. 

About the Play:-

Tell It Not In Gath short or comedy play by Joe Corrie. The play started with Arthur sitting in an armchair and reading a book. He is a man of nearly sixty with an unhappy and discontented face. His wife Marjory sits on the safe. She works as a knitter. She is some years younger than her husband. A few moments later Arthur heard the sound of the clock striking the hour seven. He talked on the telephone to arrange the meeting in the rectory. Marjory refused to not arrange the meeting here without her knowing. First to ask her to arrange the meeting here not without informing Arthur not to arrange a meeting in the rectory. 

At that time both make some arguments with their right or reputation in the society. Marjory refused to talk about the rectory life she lived in the rectory. Marjory tells Arthur that she spent all the time cleaning the rector. She says that she cannot afford a searvet to help her. Arthur can afford to have a gardener. Arthur says that if people saw me doing gardening what they think about me. Marjory also gives what people think about when she worked as a housekeeper. This type of conversion happens then Arthur tells that holding a meeting with some of his chief parishioners to discuss the rampant betting now on amongst the mining families in the area. The meeting agenda is to discuss the scourge of gambling which has contaminated the villages in the coming of these miners. 

Sam Marden, Miss Oliver, Miss Crundle, and Joseph Devinish all come to the rectory. All are members of the Padley Church and also a churchwarden. First they meet each other and greet everyone. Marjory asked one by one and did their formal greeting. Arthur tells the marjory to sit in another room then the meeting starts. All are sitting at a round table. Arthur started to meet with a formal tone to speak on behalf of the community council about this gambling. Marden first admired the place because the area became a business centre. They make more development here than miner people come and do such work here. A new coal mine was sunk at the bottom of padley hill and a new house was built for the four hundred miners who lived beside us.  It makes them proud. But the big problem is their habit of gambling. Sam also says that the miner and their wives and their families use it as a place of betting on things called football coupons. This thing makes a bad atmosphere for Christianity and over faith. That is why we found some solution to stop the gambling in Little Padley Church and the atmosphere became peaceful and calm. Marden says that gambling is dangerous as well as serious and it's our duty as members of this church and churchwarden to put a stop to its root and branch. 

Joseph Devinish gave suggestions that he read in a newspaper that to stop gambling at means to take action against these people and be arrested for such a thing like gambling. When the police report to the police they take action of this kind of activity. But the first question happened to who made a complaint against the miners or their bad habits of gambling. All tells that Sam Marden is the best person to write a complaint against the gambling but he ignored that he did not become an opponent of miner people because he made a complaint at that time this effect happer in his business he lost his business. 

Sam Marden tells that the Arthur Wesley is best person to write complaint against the miners because he not lost anything because he works also surrounding of the Church that why is best person to make report against the miners. But Arthur gives the appropriate answer that the people trying to make friends with new mining people may persuade them to come to church. Make root to believe in Christian faith and  I am the person to give the right way of their life. They forget their sin and become a purest soul. When Arther makes a complaint to the police gambling activities, will they not respect it?

At the biggest argument at time marjory comes to the room disturbing the members. But she says that Sam Marden's wife called her and tells the good news that Sam Marden won twenty thousand pounds on football coupons. This news was given by Old John who is the Sexton. This news hered at times Marden did not believe that he won the twenty thousand pounds in football coupons but he was so excited to become the richest person in Padley Church. His nature of hypocrisy was showing that to Arthur that "a man who with twenty thousand pounds in bank they can do anything, say anything and care nothing for anybody" all members of church who angry for this kind of activity done by Sam Marden and actually is very shameful things for every body who is churchwarden. Miss Crundle announces that mr. Marden was a horrible man. 

At times Sam Marden is ready to give a one thousand pounds for welfare of the church but makes a one condition that is to announce in means reported in the press and tells that Sam Marden wants to leave little Padley with the folk blessing for his generosity. All the members are angry and tell Sam Marden to go to the rectory. All members do not think about this further and they think that to stop the meeting here because they can't get any solutions to stop the roots or branch of the gambling. 

All have stopped meeting and going home without  finding any solutions. Meeting ended in the unhappiest way. They all say goodnight and leave the rectory. End of the play changed the scene. Climax happens. Marjory comes to tell Arthur that she made a mistake to tell the truth. Sam Marden did not win the twenty thousand pounds in football coupons but actually I won this lottery. I tell the old John to fill the lottery coupons. We are lucky to win the twenty thousand pounds in football coupons and we have lived freely and far from the Little Padley Church. Marjory is so happy to win the twenty thousand pounds and here the play ends with another climax. 

Start of the play we see the unhappy faces of Arthur Wesley and his wife but in the play we see that the unhappy faces became happy faces at the end of the play. Joe Corrie makes some satirical form within the comedy scene. He portrays the social problem of gambling, money is the biggest thing for everyone's lives, money gives the happiness of our life but actually the question is whether money gives the happiness of life or not?  Joe Corrie presented the situation of Miner people who find the employee of the development area and they come to stay there. But how we think about miners who are always connected with bad habits and we try to purify them. This is all thought told by the superior people. Superior people always think that miners learn moral and good things which are made by well suited and highly reputed people and convert sinners into good souls and purify them. All the things Joe Corrie's presented in the comedy play Tell It Not In Gath. This play is short and very interesting dialogue makes a good impact and is easy to understand. 

Important Quotations Of The Play:-

"I am the Rector and my word must be Law"

-Arthur Wesley

"I do a lot for you, and your Church "

-Marjory

"I do all the drudgery (પરિશ્રમ) of this big house and spend half my time on cold stone floors"

-Marjory

"God works in a mysterious way his wonders to perform"

-Sam Marden

"It seems that it's always those who don't deserve good fortune that get it"

-Miss Crundle

"They Way of the person is hard, where is the hope? Where can one find real faith?"

-Rev. Arthur Wesley

Thank You for Visiting my blog, Have a Great Day...

The Black Cat by Edgar Allan poe

 Hello Reader!!

I am writing this blog as part of academic study the short story by famous American writer, editor and literary critic Edgar Allan Poe's famous mysterious story "The Black Cat".

All that we see or seem

Is but a dream within a dream.

          -Edgar Allan Poe

Introduction:-

"The Black Cat," one of Edgar Allan Poe's most memorable stories, is a classic example of the gothic literature genre that debuted in the Saturday Evening Post on August 19, 1843. Written in the form of a first-person narrative, Poe employed multiple themes of insanity, superstition, and alcoholism to impart a palpable sense of horror and foreboding to this tale, while at the same time, deftly advancing his plot and building his characters. It's no surprise that "The Black Cat" is often linked with "The Tell-Tale Heart," since both of Poe's stories share several disturbing plot devices including murder and damning messages from the grave—real or imagined.

About Author:-

Edgar Allan Poe, (born Jan. 19, 1809, Boston, Mass., U.S.—died Oct. 7, 1849, Baltimore, Md.), U.S. poet, critic, and short-story writer. Poe was raised by foster parents in Richmond, Va., following his mother’s death in 1811. He briefly attended the University of Virginia and then returned to Boston, where in 1827 he published a pamphlet of youthful, Byronic poems. By 1835 he was in Richmond as editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, the first of several periodicals he was to edit or write for. There he married a 13-year-old cousin, who died in 1847. At various times he lived in Baltimore, New York, and Philadelphia. Alcohol, the bane of his irregular and eccentric life, caused his death at age 40. His works are famous for his cultivation of mystery and the macabre. Among his tales are “Fall of the House of Usher,” “The Masque of the Red Death,” “The Black Cat,” “The Tell-Tale Heart,” and “The Pit and the Pendulum.” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” and “The Purloined Letter” initiated the modern detective story. His poems (less highly regarded now than formerly) are musical and sensuous, as in “The Bells,” a showcase of sound effects; they include touching lyrics inspired by women (e.g., “Annabel Lee”) and the uncanny (e.g., “The Raven”).

Characters of the short story:-

Unnamed Narrator:-

The narrator is another of Poe’s unnamed and unreliable men driven to madness. All we really know about him—if his word can be trusted, that is—is that he has enjoyed a lifetime love of animals and that the animals have reciprocated this love. The narrator does make clear what it is about animals that inspires in him a higher level of love and respect: he particularly admires their loyalty and perception. In other words, if an animal remains loyal to you, you must be a good person—which should bring into question the character of any person whose pet begins to exhibit disloyal behavior.

The Narrator's Wife:-

Not much information is provided about the narrator’s wife other than that she shares his love of animals. We do learn that she might be more superstitious than he is since she is fond of mentioning the belief that cats and witches are inextricably linked. Of course, this information arrives courtesy of a narrator that is not entirely trustworthy, and even he is careful to assert that just because she mentions this superstition, doesn’t necessarily mean she believes it. Ultimately, it is the narrator that seems to possess a deeper belief in supernatural explanations. One thing is for certain: the wife is willing to intrude on behalf of animals when in danger, even if that danger is her husband.

Pluto:-

Pluto is the black cat that joins the goldfish, rabbit, dog, birds, and monkey in the menagerie of pets that the narrator and his wife invite into their home. The close bond between cat and owner (i.e. the narrator) even manages to initially shield the cat from the abusive effects of the owner—effects that were already affecting the man's relationship with his other pets and his wife. The passage of time and the rise of addiction tolerance eventually takes their toll, however, resulting in Pluto first losing an eye at the narrator’s hand before losing his life at the end of a noose.

The Second Black Cat:-

Following rather quickly upon the death of Pluto and an unexplained fire that destroys the narrator’s home, a second black cat enters the narrative. This cat remains nameless, like the narrator. It is almost identical to Pluto, right down to having only one eye, but it has one distinguishing difference: a patch of white fur covering almost its entire breast. The lack of an actual name indicates the emotionless connection between it and the narrator that claims to be such an animal lover: despite a seemingly strong desire by the cat for them to become best friends, the narrator is utterly repulsed by the cat, to the eventual point of attempted murder.

The Police:-

The police arrive to investigate the disappearance of the narrator's wife. They catalyze the mad narrator's hubris, which leads him to inadvertently give away the murder he has continued.

Plots overview of The Black Cat:-

Edgar Allan Poe was an American author of the 19th century, famous for his work in the mystery genre. “The Black Cat” is one of his mystery short stories, written in 1843. It is a story about a frightened man who is also the narrator of the story. He is a loving person and His family owns a cat, a black one. Its name is Pluto and it becomes a good friend of the narrator. Even if people around him said that black cat is evil, Pluto is his favourite. Then Slowly the narrator‟s attitude is changed by alcohol. He becomes more emotional than before; He sometimes hits his wife; he even hits Pluto. One night, he comes back home drunk and Pluto bites him. He is so blinded by the drink he cuts one of the animal‟s eyes. Since then Pluto does not come near him again and it makes him sad, and then angry. The next thing he does is hang Pluto by its neck on a tree until it is dead. That night his house is on fire and he is lucky to be able to escape from the building. The next morning, in the remains of the building, there is a new plaster of wall standing in the centre of the ruins and on its surface There is a black shape similar to a cat. It is not supposed to be there since he hung the cat in the tree in the garden.

Months later, he misses Pluto and tries to find a new one similar to it. One night he finds a cat very similar to Pluto; this cat was suddenly showed up out of nowhere, except for the white hair on the front of its body. It comes home with him and it becomes a very good friend to his wife. The next morning he realised that this cat also lost one of his eyes like Pluto. Soon enough, he hates the animal, and keeps away from it so as not to hurt it like he did with Pluto. The cat follows the narrator everywhere and he wants to kill him but he is too afraid to do that. Slowly, the shape of the white hair on the cat‟s front body changes into the shape of gallows. The narrator becomes more and more uneasy about this cat; he has a terrible dream and finds the cat sitting next to his face and pressing down on his heart. He is now a very bad man who only has evil thoughts and hates everyone. One day, on his way to cut a log, the cat almost trips him; he suddenly wants to kill it but his wife stops him. He is very angry at his wife so he hit his wife‟s head with the axe. However, he has to bury her body but he is afraid his neighbours will find it. So he buries her in the new plaster of the wall. When he finishes he realises that the cat is not there anymore. For some time, he feels calm. On the fourth day, a group of police come to his house; he brags about his strong new wall and knocks on it. A voice, like a child‟s cry, replies to the knock and it is followed by a long scream. The Police hurry to break down the wall. When the wall is opened, there is a cat screaming, standing on his wife‟s head. Its evil voice sends the narrator to his death.

Setting:-

''The Black Cat'' is set in an ambiguous time period implied to be approximately contemporary with when the story was written. It takes place over the course of a few months. ''The Black Cat'' setting starts in the protagonist's jail cell where he is awaiting his execution the following day. He then takes the readers on a journey back to his old house. The first part of the story, where Pluto features, is set primarily in the narrator's house. When that house burns down, he and his wife find a new place to live. The second part of the story, set a few months after the fire, takes place in the narrator's new house. These events take several years but the narrator recounts all incidents in only one day. 

Symbols:-

Symbols are a key component of Poe's dark tale, particularly the following ones.

The black cat:

More than just the title character, the black cat is also an important symbol. Like the bad omen of legend, the narrator believes Pluto and his successor have led him down the path toward insanity and immorality. 

Alcohol: 

While the narrator begins to view the black cat as an outward manifestation of everything the narrator views as evil and unholy, blaming the animal for all his woes, it is his addiction to drinking, more than anything else, that seems to be the true reason for the narrator's mental decline.

House and home: 

"Home sweet home" is supposed to be a place of safety and security, however, in this story, it becomes a dark and tragic place of madness and murder. The narrator kills his favorite pet, tries to kill its replacement, and goes on to kill his own wife. Even the relationships that should have been the central focus of his healthy and happy home fall victim to his deteriorating mental state. 

Prison: 

When the story opens, the narrator is physically in prison, however, his mind was already imprisoned by the shackles of madness, paranoia, and alcohol-induced delusions long before he was apprehended for his crimes. 

The wife: 

The wife could have been a grounding force in the narrator's life. He describes her as having "that humanity of feeling." Rather than saving him, or at least escaping with her own life, she becomes a horrible example of innocence betrayed. Loyal, faithful, and kind, she never leaves her husband no matter how low he sinks into the depths of depravity. Instead, it is he who is in a sense unfaithful to his marriage vows. His mistress, however, is not another woman, but rather his obsession with drinking and the inner demons his drinking unleashes as symbolically personified by the black cat. He forsakes the woman he loves—and eventually kills her because he can't break the hold of his destructive obsession.

Major Themes:-

Love and hate are two key themes in the story. The narrator at first loves his pets and his wife, but as madness takes hold of him, he comes to loathe or dismiss everything that should be of the utmost importance to him. Other major themes include:

Justice and Truth:- 

The narrator tries to hide the truth by walling up his wife's body but the voice of the black cat helps bring him to justice.

Superstition:-

The black cat is an omen of bad luck, a theme that runs throughout literature. 

Murder and Death:-

 Death is the central focus of the entire story. The question is what causes the narrator to become a killer.

Illusion versus Reality:- 

Does the alcohol release the narrator's inner demons, or is it merely an excuse for his horrendous acts of violence? Is the black cat merely a cat, or something embued with a greater power to bring about justice or exact revenge?

Loyalty Perverted:-

 A pet is often seen as a loyal and faithful partner in life but the escalating hallucinations the narrator experiences propel him into murderous rages, first with Pluto and then with the cat the replaces him. The pets he once held in highest affection become the thing he most loathes. As the man's sanity unravels, his wife, whom he also purports to love, becomes someone who merely inhabits his home rather than shares his life. She ceases to be a real person, and when she does, she is expendable. When she dies, rather than feel the horror of killing someone he cares for, the man's first response is to hide the evidence of his crime.

Man’s Descent into Insanity:-

In "The Black Cat," the narrator was aware that his thoughts and actions were transforming into a downward spiral. He was aware of his increased irritability, his disregard of the feelings of others, and the unreasonable violent actions he carried out towards his wife. He was even aware that his favorite pet and playmate, Pluto, was falling victim to the ill-effects brought by alcoholism onto the narrator. However, for reasons that remain inscrutable to the reader, he continues his descent into moral degeneration. Is he affected with "perverseness"? Is it a result of the alcohol? Does he not know what he is doing?

The ill-effects of Alcoholism:-

In this story, the narrator describes to the readers the effects of the “Fiend Intemperance." It was due to the increased intake of alcohol that the narrator experienced a radical alteration for the worse. He became more irritable, cared little for the feelings of others, and often used intemperate language with his wife—not to mention the violent acts he committed towards her. He abused the rabbits, the dogs, the monkey, and even his favorite pet, Pluto. We do not know why he was driven to drink, and being drunk did not explain all of his evil deeds—but alcohol certainly exacerbated his behavior and helped him stray further from a unified self.

Supernatural Beliefs:-

The theme of supernatural elements pervades this story. The title itself suggests supernatural elements, for there are various superstitions regarding the bad luck that a black cat allegedly brings. In this story, the narrator kills his pet—Pluto, a black cat—by hanging him from a tree branch. After the murder of the black cat, bad luck followed the narrator. His house burned down, only one wall remained, and that wall had an impression of the black cat with a rope about the animal’s neck. A few days later, another black cat appeared in front of the narrator. This cat looked exactly like Pluto except it had a patch of white fur at the bosom, which later represented the "gallows." The events that followed the hanging of Pluto can be attributed to supernatural explanations, for it is a common belief that a black cat brings bad luck.

Guilt:-

The narrator's guilt is what brought the black cat back to haunt him. The cat represents his guilt: as the narrator became more guilty, the cat became more realistic. For example, the only time the cat was heard was when the police were searching the narrator's house, at which point his guilt and fear finally pushed him into full madness. The narrative shows that guilt is a key factor in man's descent into madness—yet also a vital part of what keeps us human.

The Divided Self:-

The narrator experiences a fragmented, divided self. This is apparent not only in the dichotomy between the man telling the tale and the man committing the acts in the tale, but also in terms of nearly all of his actions once his "perverseness" set in. He vacillated between sanity and insanity, between fear and horror of the cat and the impulse to act. He had nightmares, drunken stupors, and paroxysms of rage and despair. He killed his cat and then desired another one; he felt poorly for his long-suffering wife but murdered her without a thought. The only bliss and peace he had were when he completely lost himself after killing his wife and walling up the cat in the tomb.

Thank You for Visiting!!

Work Citation:-

Barzun, Jacques , Cestre, Charles and Mabbott, Thomas Ollive. "Edgar Allan Poe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Nov. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edgar-Allan-Poe. Accessed 20 December 2023.

Lombardi, Esther. ""The Black Cat" Study Guide." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/the-black-cat-themes-and-symbols-738847.

Osborne-Bartucca, Kristen. Suduiko, Aaron ed. "The Black Cat Themes". GradeSaver, 12 March 2019 Web. 20 December 2023.https://www.gradesaver.com/the-black-cat/study-guide/themes

Poe, Edgar Allan, and Jose Menendez. Elegant Ebooks . 1843, www.ibiblio.org/ebooks/Poe/Black_Cat.pdf.

The Colour Purple Novel by Alice Walker

Hello Everyone,

This blog is based on Alice Walker's Novel "The Colour Purple." This novel won the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award.

Assignment Dessertation Conclusion

Name:- Hinaba D.Sarvaiya.

 M.A. sem 4

Paper no:- Research Project Writing: Dissertation Writing 

Roll no:- 09

Enrollment no:- 4069206420210032

Email ID:- hinabasarvaiya1711@gmail.com

Submitted by:- S.B.Gardi Department of English MKBU.

Batch:- 2021 to 2023

Conclusion:-

Eco-criticism is a relatively new field of literary and social research that emerged as a response to the human-centric attitude of dominating nature. It is a tool for interpreting literature to raise environmental awareness among readers. The modern world is facing ecological disasters, and eco-criticism seeks to investigate the global environmental crisis through the intersection of literature, culture, and the physical environment. Literature has a mission to fulfil, and ecocriticism argues for a better understanding of nature. This field has grown into a global movement in recent decades, emphasising the need for a better attitude towards nature.

Ecocriticism is a relatively new field of literary criticism that examines the relationship between literature and the natural environment. This approach is particularly relevant in today's world, where environmental issues have become increasingly urgent. 

Literature can reflect and influence our attitudes towards the environment, and ecocriticism examines how authors have represented the natural world in their works. In this Dissertation will discuss the key concepts of ecocriticism and explore its various approaches. Then apply ecocritical theory to a comparative study of two novels by the Indian author Dhruv Bhatt: Akoopar and Samundrantike.

Ecocriticism can be defined as the study of literature and the environment. It examines how literature represents the natural world and how humans interact with nature. Ecocritical theory emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as part of the environmental movement. It is a multidisciplinary field that draws on literature, ecology, philosophy, and other disciplines. Ecocritics seek to understand the relationship between humans and the environment, and how this relationship is represented in literature.

There are several approaches to ecocriticism discussed in this dissertation thesis like, Ecofeminism, Deep Ecology, Ecological Marxism, and Ecopsychology, each of which emphasises different aspects of the relationship between literature and the environment. One approach is the nature-focused approach, which examines how literature represents the natural world. 

This approach is concerned with the aesthetics of nature and how writers have represented the beauty and power of the natural world.There are several approaches to ecocriticism, each of which emphasises different aspects of the relationship between literature and the environment

In this Dissertation thesis deals with the Comparative Study of Dhruv Bhatt's Novels Akoopar and Samundrantike.Dhruv Bhatt is an Indian author who has written several novels that address environmental themes. In this comparative study, I will examine two of his novels: Akoopar and Samundrantike.Both novels address environmental themes and can be interpreted through an ecocritical lens.

In this dissertation compared to both novel characters who are very conscious about nature and how nature connected with humans. Both novels described nature as part of life. Both the novel protagonists learnt the lesson of nature like Akoopar novel unknown narrator who does not know about the relationship with the human and wild animal.how possible to human leave with nature as a member of the family. In the Akoopar novel many characters are given the name of the animal as the name of the human. Like the Ramjana and Saryu this the name of the lioness and another name is Girvan this the name of the Lakshmi’s cow names. 

The novel's title suggested the human connection with nature. In Akoopar novel there are many characters like Aaima, Sansai, Lakshmi, Dhanu, Rava Aata those character are very conscious about the nature.another novel Samundratike are many character presented the conscious about the nature like the Noorbhai, Haada Bhatt, Saboor and His Wife, Bangali baba, and Krishna Tindal ect.both novels use characters to emphasise the importance of the human-nature relationship and the need for humans to live in harmony with nature.

Akoopar is an exemplary work of ecocritical literature that explores the complex relationship between humans and nature. Through its portrayal of the Gir forest and its inhabitants, the novel highlights the importance of recognizing the intrinsic value of nature and the need for conservation. 

The title Akoopar, meaning "infinite" or "unfathomable," reminds us of the timeless nature of the forest and its ability to regenerate despite past destruction. The analogy between the turtle and the forest suggests a deeper connection between humans and nature, emphasising the need to shift our attitudes towards the environment. 

By using ecocritical approaches such as deep ecology, Akoopar advocates for a radical shift in human behaviours and attitudes towards the environment. It serves as a poignant reminder of the urgent need to prioritise environmental protection and take action to preserve the natural world for future generations. Overall, Akoopar stands as a testament to the power of literature in promoting ecological awareness and inspiring action towards a more sustainable future.

Samundrantike is another compelling work of ecocritical literature by Dhruv Bhatt that explores the intricate relationship between humans and nature. The novel portrays the sea as a living, breathing entity that interacts with and shapes the lives of the characters. The sea is not just a backdrop, but a dynamic force that influences the characters' thoughts, emotions, and actions. The novel also highlights the impact of human activities on the environment, particularly on marine life, through the characters' actions and choices. 

When you see the comparative study of characters in both the novels at that time Akoopar and Samundrantike both are novels presented in different ways of using characters which are very conscious about nature. . Both novels are presented in different places but nature is central in both the novels. Akoopar tells the story of Gir and Gir people who are kindly connected with each other. And another novel Samudrantike is tells the story of Savrastra place and here is central object of ocean and living in oceanside people who is connected with the ocean.  

Akoopar highlights the importance of nature 's connection with humans. In novel's characters are more connected with nature. Ecocriticism means to study how humans are connected with nature. Here all characters are not only connected to nature but nature became a part of their life. Nature gives life as they are living in Gir. Gir is not only forest but Gir is Life of all Maldharis those who are living in Gir. Gir became a character which gives life to all peoples who live here. 

The Akoopar highlights the importance of recognizing the significance and value of nature, not just as a resource for humans but as a living, breathing entity that deserves respect and protection. The novel Samudrantike depicts the lives of coastal communities and how they thrive in the harsh coastal environment. The novel highlights the significance of nature as a source of strength and joy, and how it can enrich human lives even in the most challenging circumstances. 

Noorbhai who is the character of the Samundrantike and another character is Dhanu who is the Akoopar character. In both the novels Bhatt's is presented through the characters which are very conscious about nature. Noorbhai is an uneducated man and he worked as a forest guard. He tells many situations which change nature. He is an eyewitness to see how the forests are cut down and land becomes infertile. That is a very serious issue Presented through this character. He has witnessed the degradation of the area, and the lush jungle has been replaced by dry, sand terrain with only a few babul trees that he has planted himself. Noorbhai's memoirs and observations serve as a poignant reminder of the environmental damage caused by Human activity. 

Aval is also one character who is very conscious about the natural elements. When natural disasters like floods happened at times she served many people in haveli. At times in the Floor scorpion at times she sympathises towards the scorpion. This indicates that they understand the importance of all living beings in the ecosystem and value their role in maintaining a balance in nature.

Bangali Baba who has a deep understanding of changing environmental conditions. He represents the relationship between humans and nature. Bangali Baba explores the tension between nature and culture, suggesting that humans need to find a way to balance their needs and desires with the preservation of the environment. 

Saboor is one who is very conscious about the land. He gives the metaphor of land as like a mother. Without land like a child of an orphan. He and his wife were able to transform the barren landscape into a fertile and productive one. 

Akoopar's character is Dhanu, who is also a forest guard but here is very different from Noorbhai's character. Dhanu's duties to those foreigners or researchers who went to Gir and knew about Gir at the time he guided them. Dhanu is known as the entire Gir in every corner. He is very conscious about the Gir and also their Animals. When lions attacked him at that time he retained a positive attitude towards the Lion. They not only respect the animals but also have a deep understanding of their behaviour and motives. 

Character of Sansai is also known as an entire Gir. She entire life around the Gir. We do not talk about Gir without Sansai. She is not only conscious about the Gir but also conscious about their animals. In Akoopar, Sansai is a female character who is portrayed as taking care of the entire Gir. When the narrator and Sansai organise the meeting to campaign against lion hunters. At that time she says that the Gir is a lion walk and that the map of the forest for tourists should not decide where the lion can go. It shows that she is very conscious about Gir and Lions. 

Aaima is the main character who is connected with nature. She sees everything in Gayr as alive, even inanimate objects, and personifies them with a sense of life. She is a true caretaker and lover of Gayr and its nature. Aaima was discussing the life of the wild animal and the Gir which like as she is talking about her family members. Aiama has deep connection with nature and sees everything around her as alive and interconnected. She does not separate animals from nature or see nature as separate from herself. Instead, she recognises that all the living things in the forests of Gir are part of a larger, interconnected ecosystem.

Most important character of Rava Aata who is also connected with nature. He is living in Gir and Gir gives life to them. Lions are also a part of them. When humans are hunting a lion at times they are hunting as Gir and Also the Life of Gir People. Because the Lion is the life of Gir. He saved the lion hunting from the Lat Saheb. This is show that how Rava Aata very conscious about the life of animal and Gir which is the part of the life of entire Maldharies people who live in Gir. 

Through the lens of ecocriticism, the novel emphasises the importance of recognizing the interconnectedness of all living beings and the need for conservation. Dhruv Bhatt's deep ecological approach reminds readers of the urgent need to shift our attitudes towards the environment and promote sustainable practices. Samundrantike serves as a powerful reminder of the vital role that nature plays in our lives and the importance of preserving it for future generations. Overall, the novel stands as an excellent example of the ability of literature to promote ecological awareness and inspire action towards a more sustainable future.

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Assignment: Research Methodology

  Name:- Hinaba D.Sarvaiya.

 

 M.A. sem 4

Paper no:- Research Methodology 

Roll no:- 09

Enrollment no:- 4069206420210032

Email ID:- hinabasarvaiya1711@gmail.com

Submitted by:- S.B.Gardi Department of English MKBU.

Batch:- 2021 to 2023

Mechanics of Writing In Research Methodology:-

Introduction:-

Writing skills are an important part of communication which allow us to communicate with clarity and ease to a far larger audience than face to face or any other communication. The good thing is that writing skills can be learned as well as any other skills . When we write a Research Paper at times the Mechanics of Writing is very important. Mechanics of Writing like, spelling, punctuation, Italics, Name of Person, Numbers, Quotations etc.. Let's discuss of Mechanics of Writing. 

 

Spelling:-

Spelling, including hyphenation, must be consistent, except in quotations: quoted material must be reproduced exactly as it appears in the original.

Word division:-

 

Avoid dividing words at the end of a line. Where divisions are unavoidable, practice in [North America] is to divide words according to pronunciation (“rep-re-sent”), whereas the British divide according to word derivation (“re-pre-sent”). Other languages have their own rules for dividing words: French, for instance, usually divides on a vowel (“ho-me-rique”; in English, “Ho-mer-ic”). If in doubt, consult a dictionary.

Punctuation:-

 The primary purpose of punctuation is to ensure the clarity and readability of your writing. Although there are many required uses, punctuation is, to some extent, a matter of personal preference. But, while certain practices are optional, consistency is mandatory. Writers must guard against adopting different styles in parallel situations. The remarks below stress the conventions that pertain especially to research papers. More comprehensive discussions of punctuation can be found in standard handbooks of composition ….

Apostrophes:-

Apostrophes indicate contractions (rarely acceptable in scholarly writing) and possessives. General practice is to form the possessive of monosyllabic proper names ending in a sibilant sound (s, z, sh, zh, ch, j) by adding an apostrophe and another s (Keats’s poems, Marx’s theories) except, by convention, for names in classical literature (Mars’ wrath). In words of more than one syllable ending in a sibilant, only the apostrophe is added (Hopkins’ poems, Cervantes’ novelas) except for names ending in a sibilant and a final e (Horace’s odes). Note that the possessive of a name ending with a silent s is formed by adding an apostrophe and another s (Camus’s novels).

 Colons:-  

Colons are used to indicate that what follows will be an example, explanation, or elaboration of what has just been said. They are commonly used to introduce quotations (see §§ 14b, 14c, and 14f). For their use in documentation and bibliography, Always skip one space after a colon.

Commas:-

Commas are usually required between items in a series (blood, sweat, and tears), between coordinate adjectives (an absorbing, frightening account), before coordinating conjunctions joining independent clauses, around parenthetical elements, and after fairly long phrases or clauses preceding the main clause of a sentence. They are also conventional in dates (January 1, 1980), names (W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Walter J. Ong, S.J.), and addresses (Brooklyn, New York). A comma and a dash are never used together in modern English usage. If the context requires a comma (as it does here), the comma follows a closing parenthesis, but a comma never precedes an opening parenthesis. 

 Dashes :- 

dash is typed … with no space before or after. Some writers tend to overuse [em] dashes, substituting them loosely for other marks of punctuation. The [em] dash, however, has only a few legitimate uses: around parenthetical elements that require a number of internal commas, and before a summarizing appositive. example,

Many twentieth-century American writers—Faulkner, Capote, Styron, Williams, to name only a few—come from the South.

Hyphens:-

Hyphens are used to form some types of compound words, particularly compound adjectives that precede the word(s) they modify (a mind-boggling experience, a well-established policy, a first-rate study). Hyphens also join prefixes to capitalized words (post-Renaissance) and link pairs of coequal nouns (poet-priest, teacher-scholar). Many other compounds, however, are written as one word (wordplay, storytelling) or as two (social security tax, a happily married man). Consult a standard dictionary or writing manual for guidance in determining which compounds require hyphenation. [En dashes rather than hyphens should be] used to connect numbers indicating a range.

Semicolons:-

Semicolons are used to separate items in a series when some of the items require internal commas. They are used between independent clauses that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction, and they may be used before the coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence if one of the independent clauses requires a number of internal commas. For the use of semicolons in documentation and bibliography.

Slashes:-

Slashes are used to separate lines of poetry and elements of dates to enclose phonemic transcription, and occasionally to separate alternative words.

Square brackets []:-

Square brackets [] are used for an unavoidable parenthesis within a parenthesis, to enclose interpolations in a quotation or in incomplete data and to enclose phonetic transcription.

Italics:-

Italics …. Avoid frequent use of italics … for emphasis. Phrases, words, or letters cited as linguistic examples and foreign words used in English text are [italicized]. The numerous exceptions to this last rule include quotations entirely in another language, titles of articles in another language (placed within quotation marks), proper names, and foreign words anglicized through frequent usage. Since [North] American English rapidly naturalizes words, use a dictionary and your own knowledge of current usage to determine which originally foreign expressions still require italics. Much, of course, depends on the audience. Foreign words, abbreviations, and phrases commonly. In discussions of the arts, such words or expressions as the following are also.

Quotation marks:-

Quotation marks is enclosed in double quotation marks words to which attention is being directed (e.g., words purposely misused or used in a special sense, words referred to as words, and parenthetical English translations of words or phrases from another language). Note, however, that words used as examples in linguistic studies are [italicized] and not enclosed in double quotation marks . Use single quotation marks for definitions or translations that appear without intervening punctuation (e.g., ainsi ‘thus’). For the use of quotation marks with titles, and, for use of single and double quotation marks in quoted material. 

 Number:-

 Numbers that cannot be spelled out in one or two words may be written as numerals (one, thirty-six, ninety-nine, one hundred, two thousand, three million; but 2½, 101, 137, and 1,275). Numbers compared or contrasted should be in the same style (5 out of 125, 2½ to 3 years old or two-and-a-half to three years old). In technical or statistical discussions involving their frequent use or in notes, where many space-saving devices are legitimate, all numbers may be written as numerals. Common practice is to put a comma between the third and fourth digits from the right, the sixth and seventh, and so on.

Exceptions to this practice include page and line numbers of four or more digits, addresses, and year numbers. The comma is added in year numbers if a fifth digit is used, example, In 20,000 B.C.

Roman numerals. Use capital Roman numerals for … books and parts of a work, volumes, acts of a play, or individuals in a series. Examples like, Book I of Spenser’s Faerie Queene. 

Names of Persons:-

 Since there are exceptions to almost any rule, good judgment based on knowledge of common usage is essential in dealing with persons’ names.

 Titles:-

 Formal titles (Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms., Dr., Professor, etc.) are usually omitted in references to persons, living or dead. By convention, titles are associated with, or used for, certain names—for instance, the poet Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, is referred to as Surrey, not Howard. By custom, however, some titled persons are not referred to by their titles: Benjamin Disraeli, first earl of Beaconsfield, is commonly called Disraeli. A few women are traditionally known by their married names (Mme de Staël). Otherwise, women’s names are treated the same as men’s (Dickinson, Stein, Plath, not Miss Dickinson, Miss Stein, Miss Plath).

Authors’ names:-

It is common and acceptable to use simplified names of famous authors (Vergil for Publius Vergilius Maro, Dante for Dante Alighieri). Many authors are referred to by pseudonyms, which should be treated as ordinary names. examples like George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans). In a few cases, however, surnames and pen names are virtually inseparable from initials (O. Henry, not Henry).

Work Citation:-

Armstrong , Keir. “Mechanics of Writing .” https://doi.org/https://carleton.ca/keirarmstrong/learning-resources/essay-guidelines/mechanics-of-writing/. 

Gibaldi, Joseph. “The Mechanics of Writing .” MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Modern Language Association of America, New York, 2009, pp. 63–112. 

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