Assignment Victorian Age

 

Name- Hinaba D Sarvaiya.

Roll no- 09

Paper no- 105 Histrory of English Literature from 1350to 1900

Email id- hinabasarvaiya1711@gmail.com

Enrollment no- 4069206420210032

Submitted to- Department of English MKBU.

The Victorian Age (1850-1900).

Introduction:-

The Victorian age began in 1837 with the success of Queen Victoria to the throne of the England and ended in 1901 in which she died. Wordsworth had written, in 1835,

"Like clould that rake the mountain summits, Or waves that own no curbing hand, How fast has brother followed brother, From sunshine to the sunless land!"

In there lines is reflected the sorrowful spirit of a literary man of the early nineteenth century who remembered the glory that had passed away from the earth. But the leanness of these first years is more apparent than real. 

Discuss Social, Political, Economical Condition of Victorian age:-

1)Political, situation of the age:-

We find political forces in this age in which four things stand clearly:

1. The long struggle of the Anglo Saxon for personal liberty is defined.

2. Democracy becomes the powerful.

3. The House of Common people became the ruling power in England.

4. The personal government and of the divine right of rules were disappeared.

2). Industrial Progress:-

In Victorian age we also find industrial Progress in the country. The industrial revolution of this age transformed agriculture of England into industrial economic. Mills and factories were established into the centre of the England. The whole England was covered with machines.

3). Social Unrest:-

In is not only the age of democrecy but also an age of popular education, growth of brotherhood and social unrest. The slaves had been freed. They beloved that slaves are not necessarily negroes but they should be, men, women and children in the mines and factories were victims of a more terrible. The people became the victim of unnatural competitive methods which were growing as a main purpose of Victorian age.

4). Economical Tendencies:-

Because of political and industrial growth, economy of England touch the sky, Mills and factories were established as a centre of the business, people earned as much money but they lost their rest.

Because of the industrial devlopment. People started Migrassion from village to city to earn money. This way the economical power of England increased more and more.

5). The Devlopment of Arts and Science:-

Victorian age is remarkable because of rapid progress in all the arts and science and in mechanical inventions. The growth of education influenced upon the life of a people and in literary art. We find the development of prose and poetry in Victorian age.

We also find the influence of science in literature. It was a period of intellectual format, scientific thinking, science and most probably the invention on science. Such growth affacted on arts, means there was a development of scientific work like Darwin's "Origin of species".

6). Education:-

There was a rapid increasement in educational field in Victorian age. The public reading was welcomed in this age. The press also came into a political and social part. There was a welcome of foreign novelists and poets and social reformers. Education became important for common people to read and understand the paper.

E. Albert about Victorian Age:

"It was an era of material affluence political consciousness, demoncratic reforms, Scientific advancement, social unrest, education expansion, empire building and religious uncertainty. these all showed as rew material of Victorian literature."

Discuss the Development or Growth of literature in Victorian age:-

Like every age had enlighten it's literature, the Victorian age is coloured with its own literature. We find the effects of social, political and education in the field of poetry, drama, novel, essays and other minor from of literature.

Let's discuss the Development of literary work in Victorian age.

Poetry:-

The Victorian age was essentially the age of prose and novel. Alfred lord Tennyson is considered as the most representative poet of the age. His poetry has been read to enjoy. He also the master of elegies. His remarkable works are as follow:

- The Princess: long poem.

-In Memorian: A collection of elegies.

- Ulysses.

Robert Browning is another greatest poet of the period. He was the father of dramatic monologue. 'Men and Women' is his master piece work.

Pre-Raphaelite Poets:-

In 1810 two German painters Cornelius and Overbeck founded a society in Rome coiled the German Pre-Raphaelite bretheren. Before Raphael painters found a sweetness, depth, sincerity of devetional felling and truth.

In Victorian age D.G. Rossetti, William Morris and A.C. Swinburne were the poet's who gave the effects of painting their poetry. This gave rise to a corollary literary society which came to be known as the 'Pre-Raphaelite' school of poetry. 

The main characteristics of Pre-Raphaelite school of poetry are:

-art for art sake 

- Pictorial effect 

-Medieval Lore

-Musical senses ect..

Prose:-

Novel:-

Edward Albert says,

"By the middle of the nineteenth century the novel, as a species of literature, had thrust itself into the first rank."

This age was the essentially the age of novels. Such novelists are following.

Charles Dickens:-

Dickens was a major novelist among other novelist of the Victorian age. He described curruption and evils which were running in every corner of the Victorian society. He also depicted the suffering and pathetic conditions of the poor factory workers, the agent of children, no justice in court and hardship life of prison people.

As a boy a pathic situation as clerk in lawyer's office, as a reporter and actor as an actor.he saw many critical, difficult side of human life and social evils. These are things are described in his novel. His famous novels are:

'Pickwick Papers' 

'David Copperfield' 

'Oliver Twist' 

'Hard Time's and many more..

Thomas Hardy:-

Thomas Hardy is known as a pessimistic novels. He discussed or highlighted the despair and sorrowful life in his novels. He used Wessex, an imaginative place to described the whole American society though he is a pessimistic writer. His novels are showed him very realistic.

"Tess of the D' Ubervilles"

"Jude the Obscure"

"Far From the Madding Crowed"

Robert Louise Stevenson:-

In pleasing contrast with Hard is Robert Louise Stevenson, a brave, cheery, wholesome spirit, who has made us all braver and cheerier by what he has written. His notable works:

"Treasure Island"

"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"

"Kidnapped"

"David Balfour".

Essays:-

The method of essays were continued by Carlyle, Symonds pater etc. But it is popularized by Macaulay, Ruskin and Stevenson were also good essayist.

Macaulay is famous for his "The Uncommercial Pepers".

John Ruskin:-

Ruskin belived the English people need to change their attitude and temper for living happy life. So he has written to chage the society. According to Tolstoy:

"Ruskin as the greatest man of his age"

There rare three littel books which stand in the list of Ruskin numours works.

"Ethics of the Dust"

"Crown of wild" 

"Sesame and Lilies".

Drama :-

Several major poets of this age wrote tragedies. There is a development of dramatic monologue in this age. The Ulysses is the best example of dramatic monologue written by Alfred lord Tennyson. Robert Browning gave his best known volumes dramatic lyrics (1842) men and women and Dramatic Person. Will suggest how strong the dramatic element is in all his work.

Conclusion:-

This way social, political and economical traits have wonderfully influenced on Victoria society and Victorian literature. Victorian literature is neither fully romantic and imaginative nor fully idealist and classical. It is a day today literature of moral zeal. They have presented the real society of Victorian age.

Work citation:-

Long, William J. English Literature.Delhi: AITBS publishers, India,2019.