Thinking Activity-Indian poetics

 Hello friends..

I am student of English department, MKBU. It is my classroom activity given by our prof Dilip Barad sir. The topic is Indian poetics. It is a very interesting and very difficult to understand all those concept of the Indian Poetics. Not only study in master but ugc semester I studied. But now the discussed about the same topic and good for the study on expert on this field, it better understand those things. Here I am talking about the famous gujrati poet,critic Dr. Vinod Joshi sir. Yes it is a golden opportunity to meet a famous poet and also good teacher. He deliver the lecture on Indian poetics. He not take one or two lecture but he take the nine lecture on Indian poetics. The learning time start from 10 Feb to 18 Feb as a long session.

All those day he discussed about the six major school of the Indian Poetics like:

-School Of Rasa 

School of Dhvani 

-School of Vakrokti 

-School of Alamkara 

-School of Riti 

-School of Auchitya.

Let's discuss about the whole information which u learn on expert lecture.

10 Feb first day of journey to learn Indian Poetics the hand of vinod sir. Started with welcome speech. After sir given some basic information on Indian Poetics and try to compare the Indian and western criticism based on topic. He talk about the Indian Poetics it is a based on process and western poetics based on reason. After he introduced the Indian critics like: Bharata, Panini, Kuntaka, Rajshekhar, Jagannatha, and wester critic like : Plato, Aristotle, T.S Eliot, Wordsworth,ect..

And after the brief introduction of the sic school and their founders. Very interesting discussion about the language. Some say the voice is important and some say the meaning is important to understand of language. It is a very interesting argument. And student became a very curious to learn what is the important? Voice, meaning or rasa. 

Let's discuss about the one by one school in detail..

1) Rasa Theory:-

The Rase theory originates by Bharata Muni in Natyasastra. He talked about the Rase is a major theory of the Indian Poetics. First important of rase in literature. It is a first the Indian Poetics. 

Sir used the word is Bhava, means the feeling. Feeling is a very important to understand any emotion. Bharata support on Han emotion because we know the human are think, spech, watch and all born of  his experience on mind and heart. The theory of literary experience which is strongly rooted in the empirical haman reality.

Bharata Muni given the defination of Poetry:

"विभावानुभावव्याभिचारी संयोगात रसनिष्पत्ति: ।"

We find the co relative words like:

-Vibhav:- as it is 

-Anubhav:- present of feeling (પ્રતિક્રિયા)

-vyabhichar:- there are connected to each other and increase the emotion.

Bharat Muni enunciated the eight Rasa in the Natyasastra and after one added and became nine rasa like: srngarm, Hasyam, Raidram, Karu yam, Bibhatsam, Bhayamakam, Vira, Abdhutam.

Next discuss four critic like:

Bhatta Lollata:-

Bhatta Lollata give the Creationism concept. Rase is presented by actor.

Shree Shankuka:-

Shankuha given the Permissive concept. Here the rase are not present but think in a different way. 

Bhatta Nayaka:-

He given to Nepotism. We feel the Rasa in work.

Abhinav Gupta:-

He given to Abhinavbharti work and he connect to all concept in his one work. 

It is the information of the rase school and next we find the Dhvani school:-

2) Dhvani School:-

Rasa Theory we know that and here we disc about the Dhvani School. This theory given by Anand ardhan. He presented in his work Dhavnyaloka.

Dhvani means:-

"The Suggestive quality of poetic language"

Anandvardhana established element Dhvani as the soul of poetry. Dhvani it is very necessary that we have language and language plays with us through words.

Bhavas are more important to feel poetry, enjoy poetry than any other things. In Dhvnayaloka Anandvardhan has presented a structur analysis of indirect literary meaning.

Three type of language we find the language:-

1 Abhidha:-

Direct meaning. Example, 

અંધારું થયું અને અજવાળું ગયું-અભિધા

Lakshana:-

We have direct mening but we have to take another one.

◾️મારું ઘર હાઈ કોર્ટ રોડ પર છે.-લક્ષણા

Vganjana:- 

There is the existence of direct meaning yet we have to use another meaning of word.

◾️સૂર્યાસ્ત થયો તેને જીવનમાં દુઃખ આવી ગયું અથવા મૃત્યુ થયું તેમ જોઈ શકાય-વ્યંજના

Vinod sir explained with verses example. Acharya Kuntaka describes Dhvani as the major element of literature. He described different types of Dhvani and he also belives that Dhvani is the soul of literature. 

When he say..

ध्वनि: काव्यस्य आत्मा:।

3) School of Vakrokti:-

Vinod sir discussed the theory of Vakrokti and given so many example. Vakrokti theory given by Kuntaka in his work Vakroktijivita. Vakrokti is the theory of language and the formation of word. It is the formation of two words:

Vakra+Ukti - Vakroti.

"वेदग्ध्यभंगीभणिती इति वक्रोक्ती।"

Example:- 

આ સાંજને કેવી માયા છે, મારી ઉદાસી સાથે!

We can't  find any connection of sanj and udashi but indirectly used the words. Means we find the Vakrokti in sentence.

School of Alamkara:-

Bhamaha is considered as a founder of the school. This school belives that there is rasa and riti in kavya but the Alamkara is dominating. Alamkara also help to word and meaning and also became attractive. Two types of Alamkara: 

Shubd Alamkara:-

When the Alamkara is depends on the word. 

Arth Alamkara:-

When the Alamkara depends on the meaning of the arth.

5) School of Riti:-

Acharya Vana had given importance to riti in his work Ritivichar.

''रीतिरात्मा काव्यस्य ; विशिष्टापदरचना रीति: |''

Sir also discussed in detail on four major styles of writing.

-vaidarbhi 

- pancali 

-Gaudiya 

-lati 

6) School of Auchitya:-

Kshemendra discussed of the principle of Aucityavis form the point of view of writer and reader. It is  articulated in its given cultural and philosophical contect. Sir also discussed that we can see this aucitya with the connection of the the old man in the sea. 

Task-2 I.A.Richards: Verbal Analysis of Poem.

 Hello friends!!

I Am student of English department of MKBU. And here we find my blog on thinking activity given by our prof.dilip Barad sir. The topic is I.A. Richard Verbal analysis of poem/song lyric/hymns/ devotional songs or any poetic expression in any language by keeping in mind the kind of misunderstanding according to 'figurative language'.

First we know that the language of poetry is purely emotive, in its original primitive state. This language affects feelings. Hence we must reading of poems. Words in poetry have an emotive value and the figurative language used by poets conveys those emotions effectively and forcefully.

I.A.Richard theory of the figurative language and the some points are important to understand like: meaning, language, simile, metaphor and Symbol.  Here we find the four Misunderstanding of Language:

(i) Misunderstanding of the sense of poetry: Careless, intuitive reading (rhyme or irregular syntax).

(ii) Over-liter reading – prosaic reading.

(iii) Defective scholarship.

(ix) Difference in meaning of words in poetry and prose.

In this way the figurative language used by Mala Kapdiya. First time we read can't understand what is say but two or three time u read that time little bit understand se points. First we have to more practice and do experiments on it to understand the language. This poem is also a problematic to easily to understand. While we read verbal study.

આ સાંજને

કેવી માયા છે મારી ઉદાસી સાથે!

તે પણ ચુપચાપ છે

મારા ક્ષુબ્ધ શ્વાસની માફક.

રોજ સવારે,

સૂર્ય નહિ,

એક ઇચ્છા ઊગે છે.

પાછલી રાતનાં શમણાં

ગુલમહોર થઈ ઊગે છે આંખોમાં

બારણાંને ટેરવે એક પ્રશ્ન

‘એ આવશે?’

રોજ સાંજે,

સૂર્ય નહિ,

એક ઇચ્છા ઢળે છે.

અને સાંજ

મારી ઉદાસીનો મલાજો પાળે છે!

~ માલા કાપડિયા 

Let's discuss about figurative language on this poem "aa sanjne" it is best  Gujrati Poem of Mala Kapdiya.

Misunderstanding:-

When we read this poem during that time it increases the question in our mind that what this poem is taking about and also our mind thinks what message this po gives us. When I read the first line of those poem, I think that it is misunderstanding and also difficult to easily understand, first line of poem.

"આ સાંજને

કેવી માયા છે મારી ઉદાસી સાથે!''

Here same different like Maya, udasi and sanj. How possible to sanj became sadness. This is impossible to evening as part of human emotions. Here poet used of symbols and create poem in well written form. After When we read word by word this poem that time some difficult to understand but poet used effective and figurative language such as 'shvas', 'shamna','terva','udas' etc.. I can't say this is a proper interpration of poem starting with sanj but sanj not became a sadness but here we take meaning like evening time like darkness because that time not any light and everywhere we find darkness. Here poets used this type of meaning and after became a proper poem. Here poets used nature element on Haman emotion. It is a problematic and can't understand in proper way.

Metaphor and Visual Image:-

Metaphor is best figure of speech. Used the metaphor that's became more attractive. Like Indian poetics school of Alankara. Here poets used many mataphor like shubdha shvas, gulmohar, barna ne terva..so and so. And also used of personification.

Here we read this poem that time we find some thing say the poet's in those words. Hidden meaning of the words we can't understand. But same words thing that tebsame visual image create in mind. Udasi same word read u that time dark and bright images came on mind.

Intention of poet:-

The poet speaks with hopeful life. Mala Kapdiya talk about the darkness and struggling life. She not find the brightness it means to hope can change a time. Same time became the happy movment and this not able to stay in last but it stay a few second and darkness take her place. We find the evening and sun two type of symbols give a way to understand on this poem.

Use the  Indian poetics:-

Here we find the vakroti in this poem. Poet can't say in direct but indirectly say. I read the last line of poem:

સાંજ મારી ઉદાસીનો મલાજો પાળે છે!

Malajo pale here poets not use direct meaning but here vakroti it means not say simple but say something hidden. 

Conclusion:-

In this way the figurative language used by Mala Kapdiya. So we can't understand it easily, what she say. We have to do experiments on it to understand the language but I try to explain some point in my point of view.

Thank you

Films Screening of The Charlie Chaplin Movies.

 Hello friends!

I am student of English Department, MKBU. This blog based on my Thinking Activity given by our prof. Dilip Barad sir. This is  Film Screening of the Chalie Chaplin Movies "The Modern Time" and "The Great Dictator". 

We can see the movie in particular reason that time we realized that which kind of this movie you watch. Some movies give to hidden message through dialogue, characters, some important images use that and telling the truth, reality of the Society. Martin Scorsese say to cinema; 

"Cinema is a Matter of What's in the Frame and What's Out"

Gulzar say that...

"Cinema is a reflection of your Society"

It means cinema has started reflecting every part of your life  today. Let's discuss about the brief introduction of  the film "The Modern Time".

The Modern Time:-

The Modern Time is a 1936 American silent comedy film written, directed by Charlie Chaplin. He proform to the main character. He presented the role of the character Little Tramp. Here the two protagonist first Little Tramp and another woman character Ellen. Both charcter are struggles to survive in the modern, industrialized world.

This film, which was set during the Great Depression, centres on a luckless factory workers. Charlie Chaplin show to the picture of the working class people, who followed the rules of the factory owner. I watch the  movie this time I find out same point like;

-Inequality 

-Rich Poov Divided 

-Welfare 

Here the machine is more important that to people. We find the mechanical life. Let's discuss about the frame Study of this movie. Watch the film it is easy to understand but frame Study is more difficult to find hidden message. 

The first Frame of this film it is Clock. We can understand that the clock  is show to time. Chaplin use that image and he tries to say something. He presented the industrialization. In modern time to developed technology and machine. This frame represent of the two type of class divine here;

-Working Class 

-Rich Class.

Industrialization is most famous for the modern time. Time was change it means the sun rising but this sun rising only for the industrialist home. Rich become the rich and poor became a poor. Because of richness, they gover many areas of the society and they can create new norms and regulations which restrict the other lower class of people. Village Life is very simple because the people are not use of clock and calander . All are live in natural like all depends on sun East and West. This show to time and work on that time not a clock and calander. And invention of clock and calender that people not live in natural we are depend on Robertic, artificial life rather than natural. We followed the machanical life. Time are change not working class people but the industrial people.

Another frame like sheep and factories workers. Factories and mill were being equipped with new inventions of tecnology and machines were occupying the human jobs. Due to this unemployment many people were roaming like sheep without direction. A word can used for those people like Sheeple.

This is most interesting frame this film. If u are thing who is powerful of World. Of course tale u muscular body. In present time we are became a wrong but in ancient time that is right. In present time Mind power is more important than muscles. Here we find that the muscular man lision to weak body persons but actually he was not a weak but it is powerful man of the money, Mind.  I remember the sentence

"Big Brother is Watching you"

This sentence from the 1984 the novel by the George Orwell.  Here the muscular man is not important but intellectual mind is important. Othello Shakespeare work we know that the Othello is a very powerful, muscular man but in modern time intellectual mind like Iago is most valuable. This scene makes one think that mind power is greter than muscles power. Moreover, one can say that money power is more greater.

Another frame like the protagonist Ellen. She met the Chaplin and he tries to fulfilled the desire of Ellen. Chaplin get a job on mall and many facility there. He think about his and her life like richest person's life and both are enjoying the all this place of mall and feel like richest person. We find here to working class people are desire but his/her desire not fulfilled in their life. Working class people are hope to live a happy life and he sacrificed their desire. Rich people hungry for money and more success but another side lowerclass people hungry for the basic need like food, home clothes for shelter. But there are not able to fulfilled those desire and struggle for there values, identity and any other things..

This frame represent to the overload of work can make one mad. In factory owner give to order and commands more and so and so work. But that time persons can not conscious his mind for his work and who always confusion to which work done in firstly. After he suffers from the dipression and make a madness.

Eugene O'Neil play "The Hiary Ape" is a best example of the protagonist madness. Yank rejected his owner he goes to the gorilla cage shakes hand with the gorilla but the gorilla kill him. Yank and Mildred have lost the creativity. 

Machine and technology tendered life soulless and mechanical. Man no longer feels that he is an important part of creative process.

The Great Dictator:-

It is another famous movie by Charlie Chaplin. He is first Hollywood filmmaker to continues to make silent films well into the period of sound films, Chaplin made this his first true sound film.

The Great Dictator was popular with audience becoming Chapin's most commercially successful film released in 1940. Chaplin portrayed a Jewish barber who is mistaken for a tyrannical doctor. Here the protagonist of the Hynkle, standing in for Hitler, satirizing anti semitism. It was Chaplin most successful film at the box office.

This film is also remembered for the historical significance. The film was also presenved by the National Film Registry of the United States in 1997, because..

"The film is being culturally, aesthetically and historically significant"

Chaplin himself admits in his autobiography that..

"Had I know pf the actual horrors of the German concentration camp, I could not have made 'The Great Dictator' I could not have made fun of the homicidal insanity of the Nazis".

Let's discuss about the frame Study of this movie:-

The first frame is the shop of Jew. This frame represent predominant prejudice towards Jews. Of we look at the historical context of why there is too much hatred towards Jews. Hitler are not like to jees and order to his army to write down the name of his how his is Jews. It n easy to identifed this is a Jews house.vthos frame explains, which of there is any shop of Jew then authority overpowered that shop and can write that is the shop of Jew in a 'Capital word' the character of the Jew barbar we find that the he against this kind on power and authority. But not listen his vioce and panish it. The movie try to condemned the very idea of anti-Semitism.

Here we can see how Hynkle is mad for his photo and idol. The photo and idol represented the authority and good impression of the leader. Hynkel desire to became very  to famous not his country but in world. We can see this frame artist are not work in own time, own happiness in his passion but the Hynkel is free that time we draw his panting and idol. It means whole run by the authority power of the man.

 This frame is interesting and most famous scene in this movie. This frame represent by the Hynkel but not actually as Hynkel, it is a Jews barbar. It is last speech in this film. So here we find that the speech was given by barbar not by Hynkel. The double role of Chaplin makes significant in the film.

Here we find that the starting line in the speech.

"I'm sorry, but I don't want to be an emperor

That's not my business

I don't want to rule or conquer anyone

I should like to help everyone if possible

Jew, Gentile, Black Man, White

We all want to help one another, human beings are like that

We want to live by each other's happiness, not by each other's misery

We don't want to hate and despise one another"

Here we find that the Hynkel vioce of his common people. And try to develop humanity, brotherhood. He love to his people. This speech give to hopeness of the common people.

Last words is so inspiration..this words touch on my heart.

"You are not machines!

You are not cattle!

You are men!

You have the love of humanity in your hearts!

You don't hate!

Only the unloved hate - the unloved and the unnatural!"

Conclusion:-

Here wind up those frame Study of both film. The Modern Time presented the voice of hope, and hope become the way of new life. The Great Dictator is Film  voice of common people and how can suffer from the powerful, authority we find it. Both films Caplin use of the satirical tone but way of the comic. If we find the meaning that time to understand about the common people and how it suffered a lot of authority. Common become a voiceless. This is my interpretation on those movies.

Thank you.

Words:- 1,610.