Translation Skill

 Hello Everyone,

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya, Student of the English Department, MKBU. In this task given by our Yesha Ma'am. This is based on Translation. In sem 3, we have to study one Bengali Novel in English translation. The Home and the World (in the original Bengali, ঘরে বাইরে Ghôre Baire or Ghare Baire, lit. "At home and outside") is a 1916 novel by Rabindranath Tagore. 

The book illustrates the battle Tagore had with himself, between the ideas of Western culture and revolution against the Western culture. These two ideas are portrayed in two of the main characters, Nikhilesh, who is rational and opposes violence, and Sandip, who will let nothing stand in his way from reaching his goals. These two opposing ideals are very important in understanding the history of the Bengal region and its contemporary problems.

In this task we have to choose one Paragraph or whatever we have to like lines or other things in English, Hindi or Gujarati language. And take the help of Google Translation machine and convert in Bengali language. And I have to select one Hindi Poem written by me. And I tried to convert in Bengali language. We have to see some time to help us but sometimes it's not working in a proper manner. We have not found a proper translation. But sometimes we have to find some nearest meaning but we have not said about its benefit to Right translation. But a little bit of the right combination we got. Let's have a look at how Google Translation Machine helped me to translate Hindi to Bengali language. 

It's a Hindi Words:- 

जीवन बिताया टकरारो के साथ 

भविष्य देखा उजवालो के साथ 

बिदा किया उम्मीदो के साथ साथ निभाना मिलाना ना साथ 

जिंदगी में आया बड़ा अंधेरा आंख खोली मिला ना सवेरा 

हाथों की चूड़ियां, आखों की चमक, 

पैरो के नूपुर, आवाजोकी चहल 

आए धुंधली कश्ती मेरी बिना हाथ न पहेरी आजादी रूह मेरी तड़पी, बरसाएं नही नैन 

हर काजल में छुपा गहरा समंदर 

पंख फूटने की बारी आए बिना घोंसला के उड़ न पाए

Translate in Bengali:-

সংঘর্ষে জীবন কেটেছে

উজ্জ্বল ভবিষ্যত দেখেছি

নিভান মিলন না সাথ

জীবনে বড়ো বড়ো কালো চোখ এলো, সকাল কি খোলেনি?

হাতের চুড়ি, চোখের দীপ্তি,

পারোর নূপুর, আওকি চাহাল

আমার হাত পাহারা না করে একটি ধূসর কায়াক এসেছিল, আমার স্বাধীনতা আত্মা ব্যথিত, বৃষ্টি হয়নি।

প্রতিটি মাস্কারার মধ্যে লুকিয়ে আছে গভীর সমুদ্র

পালক ছাড়া বাসা দিয়ে উড়ে যাবেন না

If we have to not know about the Bengali language then we have to read in English words, those are Bengali words but we have to see in English words through reading a Bengali language. Here we can see,

Saṅgharṣē jībana kēṭēchē

ujjbala bhabiṣyata dēkhēchi

nibhāna milana nā sātha

jībanē baṛō baṛō kālō cōkha ēlō, sakāla ki khōlēni?

Hātēra cuṛi, cōkhēra dīpti,

pārōra nūpura, ā'ōki cāhāla

āmāra hāta pāhārā nā karē ēkaṭi dhūsara kāẏāka ēsēchila, āmāra sbādhīnatā ātmā byathita, br̥ṣṭi haẏani.

Pratiṭi māskārāra madhyē lukiẏē āchē gabhīra samudra

pālaka chāṛā bāsā diẏē uṛē yābēna nā

In this translation I am not getting a proper translation in Hindi to Bengali language. But it's a good experience for me to translate Hindi to Bengali language. 

Thank You.

Thinking Activity: Future of Postcolonial Studies

 Hello Everyone,

I am a student in the English department of MKBUniversity. This blog is based on two articles from Ania Loomba's book "Colonialism and Postcolonialism". If u clicked the Book image then u find Dilip Barad sir's Postcolonial Studies blog.

This books remains significant for two chief reasons,

Clarity in concept:- 

The way the writer introduces any concept and theories regarding postcolonial studies and she explains many examples through clear language.

Contemporaneity:-

Relevance with the current outgoing situation makes in the book more. She explained the situation in a new way like the social, economical and political of the day.

1). Conclusion: Globalisation and The Future of Postcolonial Studies:-

In this article started with the real event of 11 September 2001, when the global war on terror and Is invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq. At that time, these violent events are also part of the phenomenon we think of as Globalization. Ania loomba also protred the economies, politics, cultures and identities described like transnational network, religious, geographic or culture borders.

 Michal Hardt & Antonio Negri :

'Empire' argues that the contemporary global order has produced a new form of sovereignty which should be called' Empire'.They are talking about the new US.

In contrast to imperialism, the Empire establishes no territorial.center of power and does not rely on fixed boundaries or barriers. It is a decentered and deterritorializing apparatus of rule that progressively incorporates the entire global realm within its open, expanding frontiers. Empire manages hybrid identities, flexible hierarchies, and plural exchanges through modulating networks of command. The distinct national colors of the imperial map of the world have merged and blended in the imperial global rainbow.   (Hardt and Negri 2000: xiii-xii)

They believed that the new empire is better compared to the Roman Empire rather than European colonialism.

Arjun Appadurai - "Modernity at Large"

He talks about the cultural dimensions of globalisation.New hybridity, new forms of communication,new food,new clothes and new patterns of consumption are offered for the newness and benefits of globalisation.

Simon Gikandi - "Globalisation and the claim of Postcoloniality"

He talked about the two terms of Postcolonial Studies.

-Hybridity

-Difference

It is premature argue that the images and narratives that denote the new global culture are connected to a global structure or that they are disconnected from earlier or older forms of identity.In other words there is no reason no suppose that the global flow in images has a biological connection to transformation in social or cultural relationships'(Gikandi 2001:632; emphasis added).

Etienne Balibar - Racism and Nationalism

For Balibar the new racial ideologies are not less rigid simply because they invoke culture instead of nature; and can be equally pernicious.(Balibar 1991a:22). Balibar connects neo-racism to anti-Semitism of the Renaissance.

Samuel  Huntington-Clash of Civilization

In his book he talks about Jews and Muslims.They both are important in reminding us that culture and biology have in fact never been neatly separable categories.And he also talk about strategies of inclusion and exclusion.

MUSLIMS- despotic and intractable

ASIAN. - inscrutable and hard working

P.Sainath -"And Then There Was The Market"

As we all know that globalisation made information and technology more widely available in the world.But P.Sainath observed far from fostering ideological openness. And it resulted in its own fundamentalism.

I found one interesting quote of P.Sainath from the article.

Market fundamentalism destroys more human lives than any other simply because it cuts across all national, cultural, geographic, reli- gious and other boundaries.It's as much at home in Moscow as in Mumbai or Minnesota.A South Africa - whose advances in the early 1990s thrilled the world- moved swiftly from apartheid to neo-liberal- ism.It sits as easily in Hindu, Islamic or Christian societies.And it contributes angry, despairing recruits to the armies of all religious fundamentalisms.Based on the premise that the market is the solu- tion to all the problems of the human race, it is, too, a very religious fundamentalism.It has its own Gospel: The Gospel of St. Growth, of St. Choice...

Argument of Indian Research Group:

The great range of actual measures carried on under the label of globalisation were not those of integration and development. Rather they were the processes of imposition, disintegration, underdevelop- event and appropriation. They were of continued extraction of debt servicing payments of the third world; depression of the prices of raw materials exported by the same countries; removal of tariff protection for their vulnerable productive sectors; removal of restraints on for- eign direct investment, allowing giant foreign corporations to grab larger sectors of the third world's economies; removal of restraints on the entry and exit of massive flows of speculative international capital, allowing their movements to dictate economic life; reduction of State spending on productive activity, development and welfare; privatization of activities, assets and natural resources, sharp increases in the cost of essential services and goods such as electricity, fuel, health care, education, transport, and food (accompanied by the harsher depression of women's consumption within each family's declining consumption); withdrawal of subsidized credit earlier directed to starved sectors; dismantling of workers' security of employment; reduction of the share of wages in the social product; suppression of domestic industry in the third world and closures of manufacturing firms on a massive scale; ruination of independent small industries; ruination of the handicrafts/handloom sector; replacement of subsis- tence crops with cash crops; destruction of food security. (Research Unit for Political Economy, 2003: n.p.)

so we can say that the new empire both facilitates global connections and creates new opportunities and entrenched disparities and new divisions.

"Globalization is just another name for submission and domination', Nicanor Apaza, 46, an unemployed miner, said at a demonstration this week in which Indian women ... carried banners denouncing the International Monetary Fund and demanding the president's resigna- tion.'We've had to live with that here for 500 years, and now we want to be our own masters.'

The phrase "Market Fundamentalism" is also use as a critique of globalisation by Joseph E Stiglitz, Nobel laureate and once Chief Economist at the World Bank.And sometimes it has been imposed upon the world by institutions like the world Bank and the IMF.Here I would like to quote that..

The international financial institutions have pushed a particular ideol- politics; it is based on premises concerning how markets work that do not hold even for developed countries, much less for developing countries. The IME has pushed these economic policies without a broader vision of society or the role of economics within society. And it has pushed these policies in ways that have undermined emerging democracies. More generally, globalization itself has been governed in ways that are undemocratic and have been disadvantageous to developing countries, especially the poor within those countries. (2002:)

🟦 Robert D Kalpnath: "Supremacy by Stealth"

In this work he sees no contradiction between global networks of the kind identified by Hardt and Negri,and an American hegemony.

Niall Ferguson,

He said against the fact of Kalpnath that,

The British Empire has had a pretty lousy press from a generation of 'postcolonial' historians anachronistially affronted by its racism. But the reality is that the British were significantly more successful at establishing market economies, the rule of law and the transition to representative government than the majority of postcolonial govern- ments have been. The policy 'mix' favored by Victorian imperialists reads like something just published by the International Monetary Fund, if not the World Bank: free trade, balanced budgets, sound money, the-common law, incorrupt administration and investment in infrastructure financed by international loans. These are precisely the things the world needs right now. (2003: 54)

ACTA: American Council of Trustees and Alumni

ACTA suggests that universities are not up to this task because there are a large number of American academics and students are critical of US Policies.

"Western civilization is the primary source of the world's ills even though it gave us the ideals of democracy,human rights, individual liberty and mutual tolerance".

Nestle Tigers  Milk Controversy:-

Dying of artificial milk. This is what was happening in the 90’s in Pakistan, where formula was proposed in bad faith as the more modern and healthier alternative to breast milk. Tigers, the movie by the director Danis Tanovic (Oscar in 2002 for No Man’s Land), tells the real story of the former Nestlé salesman Syed Aamir Raza, who denounced the multinational’s criminal marketing policies, paying the price in terms of professional and personal consequences. The “Tigers'' were those expert salesmen that were trained to convince people to stop breastfeeding because it was described as an archaic and obsolete practice, in favour of artificial milk, which was strongly incentivised to doctors through samples, dinners, travels, and other benefits offered by the company.

This we can see as a dark side or downside of globalization. Because directly it has created an impact on Nestle Company.

Examples from the Film

Reluctant Fundamentalism:

the conflict between market fundamentalism and religious fundamentalism in the aftermath of 9/11.

Sonali Cable - conflict between a girl who runs local tv/internet cable service vs giant company 'Shining' which started providing broadband.

2.Conclusion:The Future of Postcolonial Studies

The article starts with the practitioner of Postcolonial studies like Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak,

"No longer have a Postcolonial perspective.I think Postcolonial is the day before yesterday".(Spivak:2013: 2)

Vandana Shiva: Environmental Activist

She exposed the connection between colonialism and the destruction of the environment because her culture is very women- friendly.

According to Ramachandra Guha and Jaun Martinez-Alier,

In india the Narmada Bachao Aandolan led widespread protests against a project,funded by multinational as well as indigenous capital.And it not only damaged ecology but the displacement of thousands of tribal peoples all across the Narmada Valley.

Arundhati Roy

She reminds us that tribal people in central India have a history of resistance that predates Mao by centuries.

Luxemburg's ideas remain important today for two reasons.

She alerted us to the deep historical connection between trade and colonialism.

She reminds us that accumulation is a constant process rather than a past event.

Globalisation is a spectacular display of the energy of capital as it moves across the world in search of new markets and new raw materials,goods and labour,while there is certainly a redefinition of older colonial and neo-colonial boundaries through this process, the newer divisions build on former patterns of dispossession. Because it is an ongoing process, David Harvey suggests that we redefine ‘primitive accu­mulation’ as ‘accumulation by dispossession’ (2005: 144).

Chakrabarty concede that, Climate change, refracted through global capital, will no doubt accentuate the logic of inequality that runs through the rule of capital; some people will no doubt gain temporarily at the expense of others. But the whole crisis cannot be reduced to a story of capitalism. Unlike in the crises of capitalism, there are no lifeboats here for the rich and the privileged (witness the drought in Australia or recent fires in the wealthy neighborhoods of California).(Chakrabarty 2009: 221)

He also insists that we will have to abandon our previous conceptions of human freedom that entitled thinking about the injustice, oppression, inequality,or even uniformity foisted on them by other human or human made systems.

Ian Baucon observes that a 'new universalism: the universalism of species thinking' is being proposed here.

Ania Loomba has also discussed some recent scholarship and political movements that show why the colonial past and the globalised present are deeply interconnected.

Film:Sherni 

This movie discusses how one tiger is stuck between that place where industrial development was grown up. The story goes like this tiger became the talk of town and politicians use this for upcoming elections. One forest officer called Vidhya tries to save a tiger and send them to a zoo and one professor helped her and at the climax of the movie we found that at the middle there is a mill. Tiger is not able to cross it and that’s why she is stuck.  

Film Avtar:-

The expansion of the mining colony threatens the continued existence of a local tribe of Na'vi – a humanoid species indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a genetically engineered Na'vi body operated from the brain of a remotely located human that is used to interact with the natives of Pandora.

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Thinking Activity:- Mahesh Dattani's play Final Solutions

 Hello Everyone,

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya Student at MKbhavnagar University. In this blog is my thinking Activity task given by miss. Vaidehi ma'am. This blog based on most famous Indian Playwright Mahesh Dattani. His Famous play is Final Solution. 

About Author:-

Mahesh Dattani, born in Bangalore on 7 August 1958, studied in Baldwin's high School and St. Joseph's College of arts and science, Banglore.

He has worked as a copywriter in an advertising firm and subsequently with his father in the family business. His theatre group playpen was formed in 1984, and he has directed several plays for them, ranging frome in classical Greek to contemporary works. In 1986, he wrote his first full length play,Where There's a Will, and from 1995, he has been working full time in theatre. In 1998, he set up his own theatre studied dedicating and stage writing, the first in the country to focus on new works specifically.

In 1998, Dattani won the Sahitya Akademi award for his book of plays, Final Solutions and Other Plays. Published by East West Books, Chennai, this becoming the Frist English language Playwright to win the award.

Mahesh Dattani-Final Solutions:-

Mahesh Dattani remains one of the best and serious contemporary playwrights in Indian English Drama. He touches various aspects of Indian raises and society through his plays. Final Solutions is one of his plays that brought him "Academia Award" and it is a very meaningful play. It is first profound in Bangalore in 1993 and contains three acts. The play deals deeply with the issue of the historical past and lays its accolade in acknowledging the similarity of two religions and respecting their differences. In the present paper, a literature review made below to find out the critical articles and researches around Dattani’s Final Solutions.

Final Solutions is a play about communal riots in India and subordination of women who belong to three significant times in the history of India. Daksha/ Hardika belongs to three pre-independence period: Aruna, her daughter in law, belongs to independence period; and Smita Aruna’s daughter, is a contemporary, post independence Indian woman. Final Solutions discuses the conflict between two communal parties, how the Indian society treats woman as subordinate and keeps her in shadow without accepting any contribution from her. The play deals with three generations of woman; the first character (Daksha as Hardika) lived in pre- independence period while her daughter in law (Aruna) lived in independence period and (Smita) lived in post- independence period that represent the educated and contemporary girl.

What is the significance of the subtitle "The Final Solutions?

The play Final Solutions, written by Mahesh K. Dattani discusses the theme of communal riots, hatred and bitterness of Hindus and Muslims against each other. The plot is set in Gujarat (after the 2002 Riots). The communal hatred is at peak. It can be seen when we find Hindu mob chasing Javed and Bobby after knowing that they are Muslims.

Next, we also come to know other complex stories like love affair of Smita (who is a Hindu) and Bobby, Javed’s story of adopting extremist way, Ramanik’s grabbing of Javed’s land (after burning his shop) etc.

We find that Ramanik blames Javed and his community and vice versa. But deep inside, Ramanik’s conscience does not allow him to live in peace because of the sin which he committed in the past.

There is another issue which is discussed in the play. It is the orthodoxy which is inherited among the believers of every religion. They consider people from other communities as untouchables. Aruna’s denying Bobby and Javed from spending night at their home depicts this.

So, throughout the play, we find ample of problems and the playwright has not given any solution. Instead, he has let the audience to decide. Hence, the final solutions are, in real, no solutions to these communal problems. We people need to know what makes us hate others.

Do you think Mahesh Dattani’s “The Final Solutions” makes any significant changes in society?

Yes, Dattani’s plays always use the family as a central trope. He draws attention to the relationships within the families, and extended families, including friends, neighbours etc. He also highlights the generational gap between the old people and the youth.

Dattani's intention of presenting the burning issues in the present world is reflected through the journey of daksh's diary in the play. Many changes are made in society through his play.

How are the beginning and the end of the movie? Do you feel the effect of communal disturbance in the movie?

Yes, we can see the beginning and end of the movie . We can feel the effect of communal disturbance in movies like, The play opens with a kind of flashback scene. In this scene we see and hear a fifteen year-old bride Daksha reading out what she had written in her diary. This flashback goes back to the late 1940. Here we simultaneously see and hear Daksha as she has passed nearly fifty years. In the present she is the grandmother known by the name Hardika.

They were carrying sticks with a Hindu and Muslim mask at either end. These masks cover the faces of the members of the mob as they assume the Muslim and Hindu identities or faces alternatively throughout the action of the play. Daksha’s reminiscence over the mob wearing Hindu masks introduces the theme of communal tensions as they speak of the overturning of a chariot carrying images of Hindu Gods and of a knifing of a pujari.

At the end of the play, the action is pathetic indeed. Here Daksha saw the dark facet of Zarine and her family. However, Daksha’s family’s behaviour was responsible for the outrage and emotional pang of Zarine’s family. Actually this attitudinal difference leads to the ultimate disharmony of the characters and cycles of hatred and violence.

The movie comes up with many different symbols and colors. Write about any two symbols which caught your attention. What does it signify?

In Final Solutions, Dattani’s use of diary draws attention to his brilliant conflation of Daksha and Hardika, as well as past and present of the Indian Nation. At the end of the play, Hardika’s actual hatred of Muslims and Daksha’s complete confinement in the room are two important growing issues in the plot that are linked very wisely. Dattani’s intention of presenting the burning issue in the present world is reflected through the journey of Daksha’s diary in the play. Dattani's diary of using two actors consecutively represents one character.

In this text identity is very much shaped by memory and trauma. This identity is of the Indians in particular, yet universal in appeal. It probes into an individual’s position in the wider historical and social context. At the outset Daksha’s pondering over a day in 1948 brilliantly fuses time past and time present .

Mahesh Datttani’s Final Solutions is a play about communal riots in India and subordination of women. It presents three women who belong to three significant times in the history of India-Daksha/Hardika belong to pre-independence period; Aruna, her daughter-in-law, belongs to independence period; Smita, Aruna’s daughter is a contemporary post-independence Indian woman.

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Thinking Activity:- Talks by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

 Hello Everyone,

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya Student at MK bhavnagar University. In this blog is my thinking Activity task given by our prof. Dilip Barad sir. This task is based on Talks by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. These talks are on The Dangers of Single story. We should all be Feminists and Harvard University important of truth in Post Truth Era.

About Speaker:-

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie born on 15 September 1977) is a Nigerian novelist, writer of short stories, and nonfiction.[3] She has written the novels Purple Hibiscus (2003), Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), and Americanah (2013), the short story collection The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), and the book-length essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014).

In 2008, Adichie was awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant. She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [who] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature".[4] Her most recent book, Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions, was published in March 2017.[5] (Wikipedia).

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is an excellent Speaker. Listening to her is an amazing experience. Let's discuss her interesting Talks. 

Talk on importance of Story/Literature:-

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Storyteller. She tells a few personal stories about what she likes to call "The Dangers of the Single Story". When she was a child, her mother told her to read books, then she started to read British and American Children's books in her early time. She began to write stories in Pencil with Crayon illustrations. She chose characters in her stories like all characters were White and blue eyed, they played in the snow and they ate apples and they talked about the weather. 

Then she talked about the fact that she lived in Nigeria. She had never been outside Nigeria, that place didn't have snow, mangoes and talked about the weather because there was no need to.

Chimamanda reads American books and she inspires a lot. She chose her characters and also drank a lot of ginger beer but she couldn't understand what ginger beer was. She tells very interesting things about the impact of books which she read and followed. We are convinced very easily that books are whatever they tell us. 

First she read American books then she started to read African writers like Chinua Achieve and Camara Late then she mental shifted to perception of literature. They opened up to a new world. 

She talked about her family details like her father was a professor and her mother was an administrator and she belongs to a middle class family. One house boy's name was Fide. He belongs to the poor class family. Her mother also helped to send yams and rice or old clothes to them. Poverty was a single story of them. 

When she left Nigeria to go to university in the United States. She speaks English very well but her roommate is not happy with how she speaks English very well. In this single story, there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way. 

Identity of place presented a vital role in that time. She got the identity of Africans, she embraced her new identity. You know, many times we have to identify people's colour, language or food, then we have to behave like they went to another country or aliant type of behavior we react to. In The US she is seen as Fide's family. She can tell about her Africa from popular images like beautiful landscapes, beautiful animals, incomprehensible people and dying of poverty. How our identity is removed by the other country where we live now. We have to forget about our own identity and be treated like a aliant. 

Her single story of Africa ultimately comes from western literature. She refer to London merchant called John Lok, who sailed to West Africa in 1561, after referring to the "Black Africans as beasts who have no house"Africa is a place of negative, of darkness, of people who, in the words of the poet Rudyard Kipling,

"Haft devil, half child".

She also tells about her rejection, publishing her novel and failing at achieving the title of Africans authenticity. Chimamanda says that it is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about Power. Power is the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Many writers say that an unhappy childhood is useful to make a story. But here she tells that her childhood was full of happiness. They make one story become the only story. Stories have been used to dispossess but also be used to empower. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. It is a very interesting talk on the importance of stories and literature in our life also. 

We Should all be Feminists:-

This talk starting with reminding her a greatest friend Okuloma, who call her a feminist. "You know, you're a feminist". These words are very inspiring to think about from this angle. But it was not a compliment, his tone hilike "you're a supporter of terrorism". 

She writes a novel about a man who among other things beats his wife and who doesn't end well. A journalist tells to her "I should never call myself a feminist because feminist are women who are unhappy because they cannot find husband" she laughs. 

Feminism was not our culture or Africans and that's the reasons to calling herself a feminist because she had been corrupted by westen books. She read the books by Mills and Boon romance then she read the feminist classic. Then she to identify as a happy Africans feminist. Feminism means not hate to men, who likes lip gloss or wears high heels but that were feminists so heavy with baggage. 

She told her school time experience to her teacher. The teacher tells who got the highest score on the test, who became a monitor. She got the highest score in the class but the teacher said that the monitor had to be a boy. In this time of partiality we can see the girls and boys education. Girls are bright in education but she can study in higher education. If she gets an education but she isn't able to do a job. If a boy is not good for study then also family members support his study and get a job.

Another example is Chimamanda and her friend Louis visiting a place and standing in a parking area. That time one man asked to park their car then Chimamanda gave a tip when a man thanked Louis. She says men believed that whatever money she had ultimately came from louis. We see the man looking woman is dependent on men. 

The men and women are different. We have different hormones, different sextual orgons, and different biological abilities. Women can have babies, men can't. 52% of the world's population is female. But most of the positions of power and prestige are occupied by men. 

US elections Lilly ledbetter law about aan and a woman doing the same job being equality qualified and man being paid more because he's a man. Literally, the way men rule the world. Men are physically stronger. In our country we find many inequalities in salaries given to men and women. 

Concept of marriage to Chimamanda is very well discussed in these talks. If a woman at a certain age who is unmarried, that time our society teaches her to see it as a deep, personal failure, but a man at a certain age who is unmarried we just think he hasn't come around to making his pick. We are all social beings and reality is more difficult and more complex.

"The language of marriage is often the language of ownership rather than the language of partnership"

Women are born with a cooking gone and famous cooks in the world whom we give the fancy title of 'chefs' are men. Some people will say that a woman being subordinate to a man is our culture but culture is constantly changing. 

"Culture does not make people, people make culture".

Then she talked about the what is meaning of feminist in dictionary. Meaning like that,

"A person who believes in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes".

Then she give to own definition of feminist is, a feminist is a man or a women who says,

"Yes, there's a problem with gender as it is today and we must fix it. We must do better."

In this talk is very interesting and thinkable things she explained a very well. Woman is a woman, she does not become a Devi but gives respect like to other men. 

Talk on Importance of Truth in Post Truth Era:-

Third talk is How we have to speak lies in conversion as a truth in the Post Truth Era. Chimamanda will take the lecture of Harvard University in 2018. This topic is on the Importance of Truth in the Post Truth Era. She also says that if we speak about the truth but lie about the world, the idea of the act has such political potency. America always felt aspirational when yet another political thing happened, say the land of absurdity. 

She shares her real experience that she was still at home at that time her friend asked to have lunch when she told her that she faced the traffic. Tell the truth yourself, sometimes the hardest but truth is important things to tell others. Telling the truth will be an act of courage. Never silence yourself by speaking the truth. 

Chimamanda gives a very interesting example that if you are reporting about the sun rising in the east you do not need to hear the other side. Here I remember the 1984 novel by George Orwell. This novel also presented the newspeak dictionary that people are not rebels against Authority or Power. 2+2=5 but Winston Smith did not accept these rules. At the end of the novel he also speaks about the same things power is saying.

 The Truth is that you can not create anything of value without both self doubt and self belief. Without self doubt we become complacent without self belief we can not succeed. We need both. She tells very courageous things and inspires students to stand for the truth. Whatever the situation, we have to say the truth and wake up to see the world in a new way. She motivated word like,

"Need to shine again, there are broken things that need to be made whole again, you are in a position to do this. Be courageous and tell the truth."

This talk is very motivating and inspiring to us to become fearless and stand for the truth whatever the situation there. 

If we know more about what is The Post Truth Era then we have Clicked here to visit my blog on The Post Truth Era's definition and some examples found here.

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Thinking Activity:- Midnight's Children

 Hello Everyone,

I am a student of MKBU. In this blog is my Thinking Activity task given by our prof. Dilip Barad sir. And this blog is based on Famous British-Indian author Salman Rushdie's Novel "Midnight's Children".

"Free Speech is the Whole thing, the whole ball game, Free Speech is life itself"

-Zafer

About the Author:-

Salman Rushdie is the author of the Fourteenth novels like Midnight's Children, which was awarded the Booker Prize in 1981, Grimus, Shame, The Satanic Verses ect.. Rushdie is also the author of a book of stories, East West. He is the co-editor of Mirrorwork, an anthology of contemporary Indian writing, and of the 2008 Best American Short Stories anthology. He received Honours. Midnight's Children was named the best of the Booker- the best winner in the award's 40 year history by public vote. His books have been translated into over forty languages.

About the Novel:-

Midnight's Children was published in 1981 and it took readers all over the world. This novel was full of historical events, political angels or many things. Find this novel and readers are very desperate to read this novel. The novel not only made an impact as a presence but it also influenced a number of writers who followed Rushdie.

If we have to read this novel and watch the films. We get ideas for our own way of understanding this novel or film. Each reader interpreted a text from his own world view, values system and perception so that the book is read very differently from the book written by the author himself. Let's look at some questions based on this novel.

Narrative Techniques:-

Midnight's Children is classified in a category of fiction that goes by the name of magic realism. Magic realism was born in Latin And has followers all over the world. Today, whenever one thinks of magic realism, Salman Rushdie's name first comes to mind. He himself defines the term, in his essay on Gabriel Garcia Marquez. He describes it as a development out of surrealism that "expresses a genuinely Third World consciousness".

Midnight's Children novels must have a beginning, a middle, and an end. But he did not start the story from the beginning or not chronologically tell the story. Novel starting line like Once upon the time. Rushie has borrowed this trick from the traditional style of Writing. In this novel Rushdie has the narrator, Saleem Sinai, complaining about not having a listener to whom he can narrate his story. He made many mistakes but he came up with a smart way to cover up by blaming the narrator. He also influenced ancient India narrative Techniques like Panchtantra,Valmiki Ramayana and Ganesh set off a volley of objections. He also used a sutradhar to narrate his story to a nati.

At the very outset, Saleem Sinai creates an Arabian Nights ambience. He insisted that he has many "stories" to "tell". These stories, as Saleem Sinai explains to Padma, have a way of "leaking" into one another. He tales, Perforated Sheet, Mercurochrome, Hit the spittoon, Under the carpet, A public Announcement, Many Headed Monster and Methwold before the narrator gets back to the original story of Saleem's birth. Saleem proves himself to be a master storyteller like Scheherezade by getting Padma "hooked" to his story.

Salim is writing his story, we are often reminded, which he reads aloud to Padma because she is illiterate. Though Salim often uses phrases,

"In those year, you see", "I intone earnestly", " I don't want to listen"

Which indicates that the story is being told. Padma's love of superstitions, she stands for the view of the ordinary uneducated Indian people who do not question the marvelous the same way as anglicised Indians do.

Rushie shows that unlike his novel which clearly reveals how history is made, official histories hide the fact that they are also stories.

"History is always ambiguous. Facts are hard to establish and capable of being given many meanings".

Character (how many including, how many left out) Why?

Whenever we discuss any story or novel, we focus on its characters because we are very curious to know what protagonist or antagonist or major or minor characters played a vital role in this story. Characters are described as the person who is presented dramatic works that are interpreted by the reader as possessing certain moral, personality, and emotional qualities that get communicated through what they speak or what they do.

Saleem as India and India as Saleem:-

It is a very interesting and vital role presented in Midnight's Children. Beginning of the novel, he identified himself with Indian, its histories and its destinies. He pays attention to the process of birth, the birth of an independent Indian. He was born at midnight in India and got an independent identity. 

Saleem's self delusion of being India parallels that of an actual Prime Minister of India. He cites the slogan that had become quite famous during the emergency 

"Indira is India and India is Indira"

As Saleem questions the broken promise it becomes clear what Rushdie has been attempting in the character of Saleem. 

Padma:-

Padma is a presenting the little bit role in this novel and if we watch the movie then we can see Padma is not there and film Parvati is a presenting the vital role in this film. Parvati is presenting the role of the Witch Wizard. And Padma in the novel she presents the role of Listener. She listened to the story told by Saleem. Padma is indispensable to the novel because she is his nati, the live interactive audience of an oral narrative who both listens and creates a traditional storyteller's tale.

Saleem is "the greatest talent of all" , his ability to look into the hearts and minds of men. Then there is Parvati the witch who is the most powerful female midnight child. The third is Shiva, who like Saleem was "born on the stroke of midnight" and had been "given the gifts of war".

Common People as Character:-

Rushdie First time used common People as characters and his show made up India's population. Saleem records about the different activities from common people and their wonderful language and unique qualities. Here see the character of Tai, who is a boatman. All his characters from Saleem to Tai are allegorized or are symbols.

Theme and Symbols (if film adaptation able to capture themes and Symbols)

Whenever someone suggests that you read such a work or novel, that time we are asked what the major concepts or central themes are, then we have to read in a very interesting way. 

In this novel many interesting themes like,

-History and The Individual

-Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism in India

-Fragmentation, Migrancy and Memory

 The discussion has also established the connection between the themes and the migrant sensibility of Rushdie, the writer and the circumferences of his having lived away from India.

Symbols like,

-The Silver Spittoon

-The Perforated Sheet

-Knees and Nose

 Here see the themes and Symbols in this novel. If film adaptation is able to capture themes and Symbols. Then my answer is YES, very well to present the whole idea or theme or symbols in the film adaptation. It is very difficult to present a whole thing in a film adaptation but the film is very faithful to the novel. 

What is your aesthetic Experience after watching the film?

If we are given a chance to decide to read a text and watch the film adaptation of the text what we have to select? Obviously we can choose the film adaptation based on the text. Here we see my aesthetic Experience after watching the Screening of "Midnight's Children". This novel is so lengthy, if l watch the Screening of the novel it is a very interesting experience for me because this is very appropriate to the text. And the beginning of the novel and film both have the same beginning lines. Some changes I can find, like in the novel, Padma's character is important but if I see the film that time Parvati's character is presenting a vital Role. I find that Shiva joined the military and followed the rules of Indira Gandhi. Little bit of time is shown in this film But we read this novel in a very long way. One interesting thing is Saleem and Shiva's parents' little bit of confusion solved in this film. And I watched the film so many things were easy to understand and solved my confusion about the characters and other things. We said that the visual images solved the confusion. 

 Stabbing of Salman Rushdie:-

On August 12, 2022, a 24 year old man stabbed Indian born British American novelist Sir Salman Rushdie. He was about to gave a public lecture at the Chautauqua institutions in Chautanqua, New York, United States. 

Rushdie was treated with death in 1989, a year after the publication of his novel "The Satanic Verses", when the Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhillah Khomeini issued a fatwa calling for his assassination and set a bounty of $3 Million for his death. 

August 12 an attacker rushed the stage. The novelist's literary agent Andrew Wylie, said that Rushdie faced the prospect of losing one of his eyes, in addition to the possibility of liver damage. It is terribly new for us. 

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Thinking Activity: Selected Poem

 Hello Everyone

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya Student of Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. In this blog is my thinking or Creativity Activity given by our Yesha Bhatt ma'am. In this blog based on the "An Introduction" poem by Kamala Das. 

First read this poem and pick any one line, word,phrase, thought and idea for that and write your own vision of it in the form of Poetry, Paragraph, story and any literary pieces. In this task I chose to write poetry. I picked one line in this poem "I too call myself I".

First we can see the Poem line "An Introduction" written by Kamala Das.

Idea about the Poem:-

In ‘An Introduction,’ Das explores her complex emotions regarding the system controlling her life and the lives of countless suffering women. She also has the experience to back up her assertions about freedom and oppression as she played a critical role in the establishment of the Indian feminist movement.

Poem Words:-

Below we can see my poem "I too call myself I".

Title:- ''I Too Call Myself I''

I Too Call Myself I

Because I am Following the Calendar made by Pigs.

I am very Poor not By Money

But understanding of the things..

What happened to my surrounding Shut-up! I can't talk about anything happening,

I am enjoying the Jazz age. It gives me pleasure.

 Too Call Myself I

Because I am using new dictionary words like Ungood, Plusgood, and Doublegood.

I Too Call Myself I

Because I am not actually where I live!

                        

           -Hinaba Sarvaiya

Interpretation of the Poem:-

In this poem I took the Line "I too call myself I" . This line shows the end of the poem "An Introduction". This Poem Show in Feminine voice but i choose to this line only for self Respect, self Determine point of view. We are not able to make decisions about what is right for us or what is bad for us. We have to blindly follow those people who are authorised or Powerful People to control us. And we are following rules or regulations made by those people and we are not asking questions about what is happening or what those doing? I used so many satirical words to read in our literature, like first I picked up the title in Kamala Das' poem "An Introduction". Calendars made by Pigs in this language can be seen in the George Orwell novel "The Animal Form". Another line like, I enjoyed the Jazz Age this reference I picked F.Scott novel "The Great Gatsby"

 Another time I used words from George Orwell Most famous novel "1984". I am using new dictionary words like Ungood, Plusgood, and Doublegood. 

 I listen many time of great poet asked about his/her point of view what your interpretation of this poem or what is given message through this poem. Many time we think about what is the meaning of Poetry? કવિ શું કેવા માગે છે? કવિ કાઈ કેવા માગતા નથી તેના શબ્દ જ જવાબ આપી દે છે..

Writing this poem is the best experience for me and this is my interpretation or understanding of this subject. What is your interpretation of the poem written in the comment Section. And also thanks to Yesha ma'am for giving me this chance to write about my own way of Poem. Anything written on this Kamala Das poem "An Introduction". I wrote the poem "I too Call Myself I".

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Thinking Skill Workshop

 Hello Everyone!!

I am Hinaba Sarvaiya Student of The Department of English, MK Bhavnagar University. In This dept. organised two- Day ‘Thinking Skills Workshop’ on 13/14 August 2022 by Prof. Milan Pandya.

Milan Pandya is a teacher, trainer and educator in the field of Thinking Skills i.e. Critical, Creative and Design Thinking, English Language Teaching & Communication Skills. With more than 12 years of teaching experience, Mr. Pandya has authored 02 books, and presented and published a number of research papers in national and international conferences and journals. Mr. Pandya has BA & MA in English Literature, M.Phil in English Language Teaching (ELT) & his Ph.D involves study into Online Teaching, Communicative Competence & Critical Thinking. He currently holds a position of Vice President of Advancement at Critical Thinking Solutions company in Ontario, Canada, and teaches at multiple colleges such as Conestoga and Sheridan college in Ontario, Canada.

This blog deals with the learning outcome of this two- day Thinking skills workshop.

"Education is not the learning of facts, but the tranning of the mind to think"

This quote is given by Albert Einstein and he says that the learning fact is important but we have to train our mind to think. We are social animals and also have brains. We have to think about anything. Humans have to be different from animals because of their Thinking ability. And in this two day workshop to develop our Thinking Skill. 

Thinking is based on critical and creative and Design think and our workshop focused on creative and critical thinking process.

What is Critical thinking?

Critical thinking is self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. The basic way to think critically like Logical, Retinol and Scientific thinking. So many definition fined to critical thinking and sir given very interested statement like,

“Thinking about thinking in order to improve thinking.”

Thinking is important. Thinking abilities to differences between human beings. Is a best gift to humans to think about in their own way whatever he/she see to Surrounding. We have to think freely or but we have to think every time or everywhere. It means 24 hour our mind thinks about but here we do not talk about this type of thinking but we have thoughts like Logical, Rational or Scientific. Human beings are also animals, a social animal and its thinking capacity makes it different from other living beings. Humans are rational animals, along with being social, our whole life depends on thinking.

Look at this image. Do you find something fishy?

Yes, this is an image from a popular serial ‘Yeh Hai Mohabbatein’. What do you find? Female protagonist’s hand is fractured and so male protagonist is helping her to drape a saree. But how could she do a flawless make and hairstyle on her own! This is critical insight. Question everything and everywhere.

Milan sir gave us a wonderful mantra which would help us to think, criticize and lead us to read absence. “If something is true what else has to be true with in.”

If we have any kind of information through any group that time we have to be careful about spreading fate news. Cross checking is important. Here’s a tweet by Shraddha Kapoor for which she was trolled a lot, she shared this image talking about Indian soldiers and later came to know that the place is not Siachen and also these are not Indian soldiers but Russian Soldiers. 

One intrested image here to find a category. 

We had to make a category in which at least two items from the image can be considered.

Various categories find up like Home, Kitchen reletive equipment, furnitures, music instrument, Books, Weapons, Vegitable, Vehicle, electric equipment  etc but important is how one can, you can look at things differently, how creative you are. Some of the best categories popped up in the class were

Shakespeare’s tragedy- hamlet, Macbeth, Paradise Lost

Books- gun island, home and the world, great Gatsby, Frankenstein Below with the Ship

Proverbs- time is money,  pen is mightier than sword,

Things associated with apple- Adam eve story, MacBook

Metaphor in literature- axe, painting plate

Quotes- Abdul Kalam on Pizza, today is a present

Bollywood songs

LGBTQ- color plate, no gender of robot

Movie names

Phallocentric

Current news, on Salman Rushdie- a book, fatva, being stabbed.

So many activities do in this workshop.  Sir given  many situations and how we have to solved the problem or think about in difficult situations through mathematics types of questions. And how to able to solved it. It is a thought experiment. 

Outcome:-

In this two day workshop thinking skill we have to be capable of thinking in different ways. Creativity is developed or Adopted skill to what to see others and you see not seen by others. Creativity based on Person, Process, product and press. Creativity and critical thinking make a decision maker. It is very helpful and intresting session for us. 

This is a group photos. We have very glad to attend this interesting lecture. I am very thankful for Dr. Dilip barad sir and also thanks to Prof. Milan Pandya sir taken to lecture on Thinking Skill. 

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